Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of an economically important swine disease that has devastated the swine industry since the late 1980s. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB by PRRSV infection. We isolated the local strain of PRRSV from southwest China, designated YN-2011, then sequenced and analyzed the genome. YN-2011 was then used to evaluate the interaction of ROS and NF-κB. In PRRSV infected MARC-145 cells, there was a time-dependent increase in ROS and Maleic Dialdehyde (MDA). Accordingly, NF-κB activation was also increased as PRRSV infection progressed. Degradation of IκB mRNA was detected late in PRRSV infection, and overexpression of the dominant negative form of IκBα significantly suppressed NF-κB induced by PRRSV. The results indicate that the generation of ROS is involved in PRRSV replication and this progression is associated with the alteration in NF-κB activity induced by ROS. These results should extend our better understanding the interaction between PRRSV and host MARC-145 cells.
Rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne bacteria is of great significance in guaranteeing food safety and preventing foodborne diseases. A bifunctional Au@Pt core–shell nanozyme with excellent catalytic properties and high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity was developed for the highly sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium based on a label-free SERS strategy. The ultrathin Pt shell (about 1 nm) can catalyze Raman-inactive molecules into Raman-active reporters, greatly amplifying the amount of signal molecules. Moreover, the Au core serves as an active SERS substrate to enhance the signal of reporter molecules, further significantly improving the detection sensitivity. Benefiting from the excellent properties, such a bifunctional Au@Pt nanozyme was integrated with a magnetic immunoassay to construct a label-free SERS platform for the highly sensitive detection of S. typhi with a low detection limit of 10 CFU mL–1. Also, the Au@Pt-based SERS platform exhibited excellent selectivity and was successfully utilized for the detection of S. typhi in milk samples by a portable Raman spectrometer. Our demonstration of the bifunctional nanozyme-based SERS strategy provides an efficient pathway to improve the sensitivity of label-free SERS detection of pathogens and holds great promise in food safety, environmental analysis, and other biosensing fields.
Abstract The formation and maintenance of synapses are precisely regulated, and the misregulation often leads to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. Besides intrinsic genetically encoded signaling pathways, synaptic structure and function are also regulated by extrinsic factors, such as nutrients. O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a nutrient sensor, is abundant in the nervous system and required for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. However, whether OGT is involved in synaptic development and the mechanism underlying the process are largely unknown. In this study, we found that OGT‐1, the OGT homolog in C. elegans , regulates the presynaptic assembly in AIY interneurons. The insulin receptor DAF‐2 acts upstream of OGT‐1 to promote the presynaptic assembly by positively regulating the expression of ogt‐1 . This insulin‐OGT‐1 axis functions most likely by regulating neuronal activity. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism for synaptic development, and provided a potential link between synaptic development and insulin‐related neurological disorders.
Abstract Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is an unusual and distinct subtype of invasive breast tumor with high propensity for regional lymph node metastases. Because of its lymphotropic nature at initial presentation, IMPC is considered to have an unfavorable prognosis when compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The aim of this study was to identify risk factors accounting for its lymphotropic features and to develop a nomogram to predict the probability of lymph node involvement in IMPC. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical and pathology records was performed in patients diagnosed with IMPC between 2003 and 2014 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Training set comprised patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2009, while validation set included patients diagnosed thereafter. Ethical approval of the study was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. A logistic regression model was used to construct the nomogram in the training set and then validated in the validation set. Nomogram performance was quantified with respect to discrimination and calibration. Results: Overall, 1407 patients diagnosed with IMPC were enrolled, of which 527 in training set and 880 in validation set. The demographic characteristics were comparable within sets. Larger lesion, younger age at diagnosis, black ethnic and lack of hormone receptor expression were significantly related to regional nodes involvement. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.735 (95 percent confidence interval 0.692 to 0.777), demonstrating a good prediction performance. A calibration curve for the nomogram was plotted to evaluate the agreement between actual (observed) outcomes and expected probabilities. The slope of the calibration curve was close to 1, which indicated excellent calibration of the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was further validated in the validation set, in which AUC was 0.734 (95 percent confidence interval 0.701 to 0.767). Conclusions: The striking difference between IMPC and IDC remains the increased lymph node involvement in IMPC and therefore merits aggressive treatment. The nomogram based on the clinical parameters was established, which could accurately predict regional lymph node status. This nomogram would facilitate evaluating lymph node state preoperatively and thus treatment decision-making of individual patients, especially in neoadjuvant settings. Citation Format: Ye F, Hu X, Shao Z. Nomogram for predicting lymph node involvement in patients with invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast: A SEER population-based study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-10.
Carotenoids and their derivatives are physically the most unique group of plant metabolites found throughout plant kingdom. The positive effect of carotenoids on human diet has triggered numerous attempts to engineer plant products with enhanced carotenoids accumulation. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) serves as a major dietary source of the carotenoids, and great progress has been achieved in carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. Furthermore, the sequenced genomes of tomato and the advanced omics technologies significantly extend our knowledge of the carotenoid metabolic network together with its associated pathway networks, and provide the solid foundation to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism. In this chapter, we summarise current status of studies on regulation network of carotenoid biosynthesis, catabolism and storage by transcription factors and phytohormones in tomato, which will facilitate the understanding of carotenoid metabolism as well as the engineering to improve carotenoid composition and concentration in fruits and vegetables.
Motor function evaluation is essential for poststroke dyskinesia rehabilitation. Neuroimaging techniques combined with machine learning help decode a patient's functional status. However, more research is needed to investigate how individual brain function information predicts the dyskinesia degree of stroke patients.We investigated stroke patients' motor network reorganization and proposed a machine learning-based method to predict the patients' motor dysfunction.Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure hemodynamic signals of the motor cortex in the resting state (RS) from 11 healthy subjects and 31 stroke patients, 15 with mild dyskinesia (Mild), and 16 with moderate-to-severe dyskinesia (MtS). The graph theory was used to analyze the motor network characteristics.The small-world properties of the motor network were significantly different between groups: (1) clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and transitivity: MtS > Mild > Healthy and (2) global efficiency: MtS < Mild < Healthy. These four properties linearly correlated with patients' Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores. Using the small-world properties as features, we constructed support vector machine (SVM) models that classified the three groups of subjects with an accuracy of 85.7%.Our results show that NIRS, RS functional connectivity, and SVM together constitute an effective method for assessing the poststroke dyskinesia degree at the individual level.
ABSTRACT Astrocytes are the most abundant type of macroglia in the brain and play crucial roles in regulating neural development and functions. The diverse functions of astrocytes are largely determined by their morphology, which is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. However, whether and how the astrocyte morphology is affected by temperature remains largely unknown. Here we discovered that elevated cultivation temperature (26°C) stimulates Caenorhabditis elegans ventral CEPsh glia endfoot extension during early developmental stages. This extension depends on the activation of glutamate AWC neurons, which inhibit the postsynaptic cholinergic AIY interneurons through glutamate‐gated chloride channels, GLC‐3 and GLC‐4. In responding to the thermosensory signal, the guanyl‐nucleotide exchange factor EPHX‐1 and Rho GTPase CDC‐42/Cdc42 in the glia facilitate the endfoot extension via F‐actin assembly. This study elucidates the significant role of thermosensory circuitry in glia morphogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism.
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