The aim of this study was to evaluate Kinesio Taping can improve muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability in patients with stroke suffering foot drop. Experimental group (n=13) participated in the Kinesio Taping on ankle joint with treadmill walking, while control group (n=12) wore AFO on ankle joint with treadmill walking for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session, three times per week. In two groups, muscle activity was measured using the EMG, joint angle was measured using the Dartfish program, and after 4-week training. Experiment group showed a statistically significant improvement muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability compared to control group in 4 week. Application of Kinesio taping has a more positive effect on the muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability than AFO of the patients with stroke suffering foot drop.
본 연구에서는 국내 유해폐기물의 효율적인 관리를 위해 도료공정에서 발생한 폐기물 중 미규제 중금속의 배출특성을 조사하였다. 사업장은 올바로시스템에 등록된 폐기물 배출업체를 대상으로, 유럽의 도료공정(European Waste Catalogue, EWC 08)과 유사한 폐기물 발생 업체로 하였으며 조사대상 사업장 64개 업체를 현지 방문하여 원료, 생산제품, 생산 공정, 폐기물의 종류 및 배출과정을 조사하고 생산 공정에서 배출되는 73개의 폐기물을 채취하였다. 모든 시료에 대하여 함량 분석을 수행하였고, 특히 고상시료 16건에 대해서는 중금속 8항목(Ba, Be, F, Ni, Sb, Se, V, Zn)에 대한 용출분석을 수행하였다. 도료공정에서 발생된 폐기물 중 ICP-MS를 이용한 Ba의 함량분석 결과는 ND (Not Detected)~44,973.00 mg/kg의 농도 범위를 나타내었다. 특히 폐페인트 시료 7건, 폐수처리오니 2건, 공정오니 1건 및 폐유기용제 1건에서 Ba이 제안기준인 500 mg/kg을 초과하였으며 나머지 미규제 항목은 검출되지 않았다. This study was performed to investigate the contents and leaching characteristics of hazardous wastes from the paint industry. In order to establish a hazardous waste list, samples from industrial discharge have been analyzed for 8 non-regulated inorganic hazardous substances (i.e., Sb, Ni, F, V, Ba, Zn, Be, Se). In more detail, hazardous waste samples from a total of 64 workplaces, e.g. manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of coatings, adhesives, sealants and printing inks processing, have been chosen and analyzed. Contents and leaching tests for inorganic metal species in samples show that the non-regulated hazardous substances satisfy all the criteria, while quantitative analyses reveal that some samples of the discharged wastes exceeded the criteria proposed by NIER (National Instituted of Environmental Research). In conclusion, we expect the outcome of this study to align the classification system of hazardous waste management in South Korea with international legislations, and consequently contribute to reduce environmental pollution as well as health risks by toxic wastes.
본 연구는 폐기물분석전문기관이 신뢰성 있는 분석결과를 얻을 수 있도록 하기위한 폴리 염화바이페닐(PCBs) 정도관리 숙련도 평가용 표준물질을 개발할 목적으로 수행하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. PCBs함유 절연유와 PCBs가 함유되지 않은 절연유(PCB free oil)에 PCBs 표준액을 첨가하여 조제한 표준물질로 PCBs에 대한 숙련도평가용 표준물질을 제조하였다. PCBs 표준액 첨가에 의한 균질화도를 검토한 결과, Arochlor 1254 (6 ppm)과 Arochlor 1254:1260(1:1) (5 ppm)을 첨가한 경우 최대 60일, Arochlor 1260 (3.5 ppm)을 첨가한 경우 최대 90일이 지나야 균질화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 제조된 표준물질을 10회 이상 반복 측정한 결과, PCBs 제조 표준물질은 상대표준편차 3.51~5.01%로 균질성이 있다고 판단되었으며, 일원분산분석법(one way ANOVA)에 따라 균질도를 평가한 결과 모든 시료가 균질하다고 판단되었다. 제조된 표준물질을 무작위로 10개의 선정하여 분석한 결과를 기준값으로 선택하였으며, 측정과정과 균질도에 의한 확장불확도값은 0.26~0.49로 조사되었다. This study was carried out to produce Reference Materials (RMs) for Proficiency Testing (PT) of PCBs in waste analytical laboratories. Two RMs were prepared from used transformer oil samples and PCB free transformer oil by spiking PCBs standard solutions. The spiked PCB RMs were homogenized by mixing and settling up to 90 days. Homogenized concentration of PCBs with Arochlor 1254 (6 ppm), 1254:1260 (1:1) (5 ppm) were observed in 60 days stationary phase but Arochlor 1260 (3.5 mg/L) were observed in 90 days stationary phase. One-way ANOVA test were carried out and showed that the RMs were suitably homogenized, which can be used for proficiency testing. The Relative Standard Deviations (RSDs) of analytical results were 3.51~5.01% for the PCBs RMs in 10 replicates. The expanded uncertainty of PCBs analytical procedure were 0.26~0.49.
국내 유해폐기물의 적정 관리를 위해 폐유 및 액상연료 공정에서 발생한 폐기물 중 규제 무기물질류의 배출특성을 조사하였다. 사업장은 올바로시스템에 등록된 폐기물 배출업체를 대상으로, 유럽폐기물 분류체계(EWC, European Waste Catalogue)의 폐유 및 액상연료 공정(EWC 13)과 유사한 폐기물 발생업체를 선정하였다. 조사대상 사업장 37 개 업체를 현지 방문하여 원료, 생산제품, 생산 공정, 폐기물의 종류 및 배출과정을 조사하고 생산 공정에서 배출되는 51 개의 폐기물을 채취하여 무기물질류 16 항목(Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, As, CN, Cr, $Cr^{6+}$, Ba, Be, F, Ni, Sb, Se, V, Zn)에 대한 함량분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 모든 공정에서 발생된 폐기물에서 주로 Sb가 검출되었고, 6~419(평균 98) mg/kg의 농도 범위를 나타내었다. EWC 판정 절차를 통해 국내 폐유 및 액상연료 공정에서 발생된 폐기물을 판정한 결과, EWC 중분류 24공정 중 절대유해폐기물로 분류해서 관리해야할 공정은 16 개, 상대유해폐기물로 관리가 필요한 공정은 8 개로 판단되었다. 폐기물의 배출특성을 통해 유해물질 함유 자료를 확보하고 폐기물 목록에 대한 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 유해폐기물의 안전처리를 통한 환경오염을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to investigate the contents characteristics of hazardous oil wastes and wastes of liquid fuels from different industrial process. In order to establish a hazardous waste list, samples of various industrial discharge have been analyzed for 16 non-regulated inorganic hazardous substances (i.e., Cu, Pb, Cd, CN, Hg, As, T-Cr, $Cr^{6+}$, Sb, Ni, F, V, Ba, Zn, Be, Se). In more detail, hazardous waste samples including waste hydraulic oils, waste engine, gear and lubricating oils, waste insulating and heat transmission oils, bilge oils, oil/water separator contents processing were collected from 37 workplaces and analyzed. We observed that the most of the inorganic substances exceeded the proposed criteria in many samples. Especially the concentration of Sb in heat transmission oil, bilge oil and gear & lubricating oils were ranged from 6 to 419 mg/kg whereas the proposed criteria is 50 mg/kg. The assessment result of hazardous waste in Korea according to the EWC showed that the out of 24 processes, 16 belongs to absolute entry and 8 belongs to mirror entry. In conclusion, we expect the outcome of this study to align the classification system of hazardous waste management in South Korea with international legislations, and consequently contribute to reduce environmental pollution as well as health risks by toxic wastes.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)