Christine E. Duval

Case Western Reserve University

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Scott M. Husson

Clemson University

Timothy A. DeVol

Clemson University

Rohan Akolkar

Case Western Reserve University

Bethany Kersten

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Ayman F. Seliman

Clemson University

Julie Renner

Case Western Reserve University

Krista L. Hawthorne

Argonne National Laboratory

Mark A. Williamson

Argonne National Laboratory

Maura Sepesy

University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Priyanka Suresh

Case Western Reserve University

Cooperative Institutions

Case Western Reserve University

Total (France)

Clemson University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Université de Lille

École des Mines de Douai

Texas A&M University

University of California, Irvine

Anderson University - South Carolina

Université Lille Nord de France

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The Future of Nuclear Energy: Electrochemical Reprocessing of Fuel Takes Center Stage

The Electrochemical Society Interface (2021)

Bethany Kersten Krista L. Hawthorne Mark A. Williamson Rohan Akolkar Christine E. Duval

Nuclear power plants use energy-dense fuel and provide dependable baseload energy without generating greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these advantages, the long-term management of used nuclear fuel (UNF) remains a key challenge due to its lifetime (hundreds of thousands of years) and radiotoxicity. The components of UNF that contribute the most to this challenge are the actinide elements. A potential solution to this issue is to separate these radioisotopes from the bulk of the UNF and recycle them as fuel in advanced nuclear reactors. These separations can be achieved using electrochemical reprocessing, which employs electrochemical conversion and electrodeposition in a high-temperature molten salt electrolyte medium to separate the actinides from UNF. In this short perspective, we review the current status, fundamental challenges, and future prospects of electrochemical reprocessing as they relate to UNF recycling.

Nuclear Fuel

10.1149/2.f06213f

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Citations (16)

Study of Am Electrodeposition from AmCl3-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt

Journal of The Electrochemical Society (2024)

Bethany Kersten Krista L. Hawthorne Mark A. Williamson Rohan Akolkar Christine E. Duval

In this work, the electrodeposition reaction of Am in AmCl 3 -LiCl-KCl molten salt was studied using voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrodeposition of Am was shown to proceed via a two − step reaction scheme, involving the one-electron transfer reduction of Am 3+ to Am 2+ , followed by the two-electron transfer reduction of intermediate Am 2+ to Am 0 . A low Coulombic efficiency of Am deposition was measured despite the Am deposition occurring within the thermodynamic stability window of the supporting LiCl-KCl electrolyte. We hypothesize that the low efficiency is due to out-diffusion of the intermediate Am 2+ species away from the electrode surface. Experimental observations provide evidence of a kinetically − limited electrodeposition reaction, which allows for the loss of intermediate Am 2+ via diffusion leading to Am deposition inefficiency.

10.1149/1945-7111/ad80d2

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Toxic Effects and Detection of Oxygen Free Radicals on Cultured Articular Chondrocytes Generated by Menadione

Free Radical Research Communications (1992)

Christine Michel F. Vincent Christine E. Duval Marie-Christine Poelman M Adolphe

The aim of this work was to study the proliferation pathological perturbations of cultured chondrocytes in response to menadione, an oxygen free radicals producing drug. Rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture were treated with 10(-5) M, 1.5.10(-5) M and 2.10(-5) M of menadione during three days. A dose dependent decrease of the proliferative capacity was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a perturbation of the cell cycle progression consisting in an accumulation of cells in the S and G2 + M phases. This growth perturbation was due to oxygen radicals production since a treatment with catalase suppressed these toxic effects. Furthermore, to identify oxygen derived radicals in the cellular suspension of cultures treated with menadione, we used a technique of spin-trapping coupled with electron spin resonance (ESR). The ESR signal corresponding to the DMPO hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO-OH) has been detected. The spectra observation indicated the actual production of hydroxyl radical. However, superoxide anions have not been identified; this fact can be explained by the low reactivity of these anions with DMPO and by the decomposition of signal DMPO-OOH to DMPO-OH.

Menadione

Hydroxyl radical

Spin trapping

10.3109/10715769209079520

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Citations (11)

Clickable polymer scaffolds enable Ce recovery with peptide ligands

Soft Matter (2023)

Jacob D. Hostert Maura Sepesy Christine E. Duval Julie Renner

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a vital part of many technologies with particular importance to the renewable energy sector and there is a pressing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable processes to recover and recycle them from waste streams. Functionalized polymer scaffolds are a promising means to recover REEs due to the ability to engineer both transport properties of the porous material and specificity for target ions. In this work, REE adsorbing polymer scaffolds were synthesized by first introducing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (GMA) brushes onto porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) surface through activator generated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). Azide moieties were then introduced through a ring opening reaction of GMA. Subsequently, REE-binding peptides were conjugated to the polymer surface through copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. The presence of GMA, azide, and peptide was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymer scaffolds functionalized with the REE-binding peptide bound cerium, while polymer scaffolds functionalized with a scrambled control peptide bound significantly less cerium. Importantly, this study shows that the REE binding peptide retains its functionality when bound to a polymer surface. The conjugation strategy employed in this work can be used to introduce peptides onto other polymeric surfaces and tailor surface specificity for a wide variety of ions and small molecules.

Atom-transfer radical-polymerization

Surface Modification

Glycidyl methacrylate

10.1039/d2sm01664h

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Citations (9)

Accounting for Compaction in Permeability Modelling: Example of Turbiditic Deposits in a Complex Structural Environment

Christine E. Duval Marie Pascale Perruchot Patrick Turpin

Source

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Replication Data for: Incorporating comonomers in polymeric phosphate ligands can tune the affinity and capacity for rare earth element, La

Harvard Dataverse (2022)

Christine E. Duval

Data used to construct the figures in the manuscript.

Replication

Rare-earth element

10.7910/dvn/kawybf

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Diode laser welding of polymers: Microstructures of the welded zones for polypropylene

Stéphane Ploix P. Laurens C. Carrétéro J.R. Deschamps Christine E. Duval

Laser welding of thermoplastic polymers is a non-contact process especially efficient for joining thermoplastic polymers. This innovative technology is already used for industrial series production in different sectors (automobile, packaging,...).The majority of the basic research concerns the weld strength depending on polymer nature, optical properties, butt design and process parameters.Nevertheless, a lack of knowledge concerning the influence of thermal history of the weld seam on morphology of semicrystalline polymer still exists, when this parameter strongly influences the strength of the weld.Actual results of diode laser transmission welding (LTW) experiments on polypropylene, a semicrystalline polymer widely used in industry, could contribute to a better understanding of the process itself and to success in practical applications.

Polypropylene

Thermoplastic polymer

Butt welding

10.2351/1.5059820

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Citations (17)

Rapid Sample Preparation for Alpha Spectroscopy with Ultrafiltration Membranes

Analytical Chemistry (2018)

Christine E. Duval Abenazer W. Darge Cody Ruff Timothy A. DeVol Scott M. Husson

This contribution describes a rapid, fieldable alpha spectroscopy sample preparation technique that minimizes consumables and decreases the nuclear forensics timeline. Functional ultrafiltration membranes are presented that selectively concentrate uranium directly from pH 6 groundwater and serve as the alpha spectroscopy substrate. Membranes were prepared by ultraviolet grafting of uranium-selective polymer chains from the membrane surface. Membranes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy before and after modification to support functionalization. Membrane performance was evaluated using uranium-233 or depleted uranium in both deionized and simulated groundwater at pH 6. Functionalized membranes achieved peak energy resolutions of 31 ± 2 keV and recoveries of 81 ± 4% when prepared directly from pH 6 simulated groundwater. For simulated groundwater spiked with depleted uranium, baseline energy resolution was achieved for both isotopes (uranium-238 and uranium-234). The porous, uranium-selective substrate designs can process liters per hour of uranium-contaminated groundwater using low-pressure (<150 kPa) filtration and a 45 mm diameter membrane filter, leading to a high-throughput, one-step concentration, purification, and sample mounting process.

Ultrafiltration (renal)

Filtration (mathematics)

10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00135

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Life Cycle Assessment of Post-Consumer Recycled Expanded Polystyrene for Bicycle Helmet Production

Haoyang He Jon Timbers Christine E. Duval M.Y. Cech Joel DeMeritt

Expanded polystyrene

Polystyrene

10.2139/ssrn.5129499

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Amine-Functionalized Membrane Adsorbers to Purify Copper from Acidic Solutions

ACS Applied Polymer Materials (2022)

Maura Sepesy Benjamin Fugate Christine E. Duval

Amine-functionalized membrane adsorbers are synthesized to adsorb Cu2+ from acidic solutions (pH 2 HCl). Putrescine (C4) and ethylenediamine (C2) are covalently attached to poly(glycidyl methacrylate) films coated on commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes. The presence of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and amines on the membrane was supported by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Amine content was quantified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Amine-functionalized membranes have a permeabilities ranging from 300 to 2650 LMH bar–1 depending on the polymerization reaction time: 0.5 to 6 h. High permeabilities led to filtration times of <2 min for 50 mL of water through a single membrane at 100 kPa. Equilibrium adsorption experiments revealed maximum capacities of 1.65 and 1.59 mg/g for putrescine- and ethylenediamine-functionalized membranes, respectively─which are statistically the same. The similar capacities and Langmuir constants imply that the chain length of the amine (C4 vs C2) does not affect the binding affinity for Cu2+. This research takes the first steps toward developing membrane adsorbers for use in medical isotope purification.

Glycidyl methacrylate

Ethylene diamine

Attenuated total reflection

10.1021/acsapm.1c01512

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Citations (11)