Reza Abdollahipour

Palacký University Olomouc

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Rudolf Psotta

Palacký University Olomouc

Ludvík Valtr

Palacký University Olomouc

William M. Land

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Adrián Agricola

University of Hradec Králové

Gabriele Wulf

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Miriam Palomo Nieto

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Takehiro Iwatsuki

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Lukáš Slovák

University of Ostrava

Miroslav Janura

Palacký University Olomouc

Javad Sarvestan

University of Ostrava

Cooperative Institutions

Palacký University Olomouc

Universidade Federal de Pelotas

University of Ostrava

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Australian Catholic University

Universidad Internacional

Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia

Kharazmi University

University of Groningen

Universidade do Estado da Bahia

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Relative age effect on success in tennis competition in the older age-school children

Tělesná kultura (2015)

Adrián Agricola Rudolf Psotta Reza Abdollahipour

VĂCHODISKA: TeĂłria relatĂvneho veku predpokladĂĄ, Ĺže deti a adolescenti - ĹĄportovci narodenĂ na zaÄiatku kalendĂĄrneho roku sĂş v ĹĄportovĂ˝ch sĂşĹĽaĹžiach ĂşspeĹĄnejĹĄĂ ako tĂ, ktorĂ sa narodili v neskorĹĄĂch mesiacoch rovnakĂŠho roku. TĂĄto ĂşspeĹĄnosĹĽ je zaloĹženĂĄ vo vĂ˝hode kondiÄnĂ˝ch, morfologickĂ˝ch a psychickĂ˝ch predpokladov u starĹĄĂch jedincov. CIEÄ˝: VĂ˝skumnĂ˝m zĂĄmerom predloĹženej ĹĄtĂşdie bolo overiĹĽ predpoklad o sĂşĹĽaĹžnej ĂşspeĹĄnosti starĹĄĂch jedincov v sĂşboroch elitnĂ˝ch tenistov a tenistiek v obdobĂ starĹĄieho ĹĄkolskĂŠho veku. METODIKA: Do analĂ˝zy byli zahrnutĂŠ Ăşdaje zo sĂşborov 13roÄnĂ˝ch chlapcov a dievÄat (13 rokov a 0 mesiacov, aĹž 13 rokov a 11 mesiacov) evidovanĂ˝ch na prvĂ˝ch sto miestach v rebrĂÄku Svetovej tenisovĂŠ federĂĄcie ITF podÄža celkovĂŠho roÄnĂŠho poÄtu bodov v kaĹždom roku v obdobĂ 2007-2011 (500 chlapcov, 500 dievÄat). Pre tieto dva sĂşbory bola vykonanĂĄ ANOVA celkovĂŠho poÄtu bodov ako ukazovateÄža sĂşĹĽaĹžnej ĂşspeĹĄnosti, s faktorom veku (12 hladĂn = 12 mesiacov narodenia) (α = ,05). RovnakĂĄ analĂ˝za bola vykonanĂĄ pre podsĂşbory chlapcov, resp. dievÄat evidovanĂ˝ch v ITF samostatne v jednotlivĂ˝ch rokoch v obdobĂ 2007-2011. DĂĄta narodenia detĂ boli zĂskanĂŠ z oficiĂĄlnych zdrojov ITF. V prĂpade zistenia vĂ˝znamnosti faktoru veku bola vykonanĂĄ jednoduchĂĄ regresnĂĄ analĂ˝za zĂĄvislosti poÄtu ITF bodov na mesiaci narodenia (p < ,05). AnalĂ˝zy boli spracovanĂŠ v software SPSS 21 (IBM, USA). VĂSLEDKY: AnalĂ˝za nepreukĂĄzala vĂ˝znamnosĹĽ faktoru veku, resp. mesiaca narodenia na celkovĂ˝ poÄet bodov tak u celĂ˝ch sĂşborov chlapcov (n = 500) (p = ,624) a dievÄat (n = 500) (p = ,152) z evidencie ITF v sledovanom pĂ¤ĹĽroÄnom obdobĂ, tak v sĂşbore chlapcov (n = 100), resp. dievÄat (n = 100) evidovanĂ˝ch v ITF rebrĂÄku v kaĹždom roku pĂ¤ĹĽroÄnĂŠho obdobia v jednotlivĂ˝ch rokoch. VĂ˝nimkou bola preukĂĄzanĂĄ vĂ˝znamnosĹĽ faktoru veku v sĂşbore chlapcov v roku 2007 (p = ,021) a signifikantnĂ˝ regresnĂ˝ vzĹĽah medzi poÄtom bodov a mesiacom narodenia (p = ,042). DISKUSIA: DosiahnutĂŠ zĂĄvery mĂ´Ĺžu maĹĽ niekoÄžko vysvetlenĂ. Ako najpravdepodobnejĹĄie sa javia rozdiely vo vĂ˝voji somatickĂ˝ch a motorickĂ˝ch predpokladov v tomto vĂ˝vojovom obdobĂ, ktorĂŠ sĂş nezĂĄvislĂŠ od dĂĄtumu narodenia (biologickĂ˝ vek) a tieĹž homogenita sĂşborov spojenĂĄ s malĂ˝m vekovĂ˝ rozsahom. ZĂVERY: Ĺ tĂşdia ukĂĄzala, Ĺže hypotĂŠza o relatĂvnom efektu veku na sĂşĹĽaĹžnĂş ĂşspeĹĄnosĹĽ a vĂ˝konnosĹĽ nemusĂ platiĹĽ vĹĄeobecne pre vĹĄetky vekovĂŠ skupiny deti a vĹĄetky typy ĹĄportov.

10.5507/tk.2015.002

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Optimizing Bowling Performance

Journal of Motor Learning and Development (2019)

Reza Abdollahipour Ludvík Valtr Gabriele Wulf

The present study examined the influence on motor performance of key variables described in the OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory of motor learning: enhanced expectancies for future performance, autonomy support, and an external focus. Participants performed a nine-pin bowling task. In the optimized group, enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and an external focus were implemented on three successive blocks of 12 trials. In the control group, participants performed all trials under “neutral” conditions. The optimized group outperformed the control group on all blocks. The findings corroborate the importance of key variables in the OPTIMAL theory by demonstrating immediate benefits of their implementation for motor performance.

Motor Learning

10.1123/jmld.2019-0017

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An external focus promotes motor learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments

European Journal of Sport Science (2024)

Zahra Samadi Rasool Abedanzadeh Ebrahim Norouzi‬Reza Abdollahipour

Abstract Research has shown that external relative to internal focus (IF) instructions may improve motor performance as well as cognitive function (e.g., attentional stability and task‐focus). The aim of the study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on skill acquisition and learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments. The participants ( N = 39, M age = 17.87 ± 1.88 years) performed a bowling task with their dominant hand to knock down as many pins as possible. On day 1, they were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups; IF (focus on your throwing hand), external focus (EF) (focus on the pins), and control (no‐focus) instructions. Each participant performed 36 trials, divided into 3 blocks of 12 trials. Attentional focus instructions were given before each block, with a brief reminder provided after each 3 trials. On day 2, retention and transfer (further distance) tests were performed. Results showed that while there were no significant differences between groups in the pre‐test, the EF group outperformed both IF and control groups in retention and transfer tests. No significant difference was found between the control and IF. The findings suggest that the advantages of the external relative to the IF and no‐focus instructions may generalize to individuals with hearing impairments.

Motor Learning

Motor Control

10.1002/ejsc.12157

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External focus facilitates cognitive stability and promotes motor performance of an interceptive task in children

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (2022)

Reza Abdollahipour William M. Land Ludvík Valtr Kamila Banátová Miroslav Janura

Recent evidence suggests that one of the benefits of external focus is facilitating task focus. To this extent, an external focus might influence cognitive function. To help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of attentional focus instructions, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on cognitive stability and task focus, as indicated by the number of eye blinks, during an interceptive timing task with children who are at a crucial stage of motor coordination development. Twenty-four children (Mage = 10.4 ± 0.9 years) performed a forehand drag shot with a floorball stick to hit a tennis ball at a target in each of three different attentional focus conditions: external focus “focus on the blade of the stick”, internal focus “focus on their hands”, and control (no focus instructions). A mobile eye tracker was used to record the number of eye blinks from the moment that the tennis ball was released by an experimenter from the top of a boccia ramp to the moment of the initial movement of the floorball stick. Results showed that the accuracy of hits was significantly better in the external focus relative to the internal focus condition. Also, the number of eye blinks was significantly lower in the external focus relative to the internal focus and control conditions. Findings suggest that improved cognitive stability and task focus may underlie the improved performance associated with an external focus in a visually demanding motor task in children.

Motor Control

10.1080/1612197x.2022.2098356

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The Influence of Attentional Focus Instructions and Vision on Jump Height Performance

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (2016)

Reza Abdollahipour Rudolf Psotta William M. Land

Studies have suggested that the use of visual information may underlie the benefit associated with an external focus of attention. Recent studies exploring this connection have primarily relied on motor tasks that involve manipulation of an object (object projection). The present study examined whether vision influences the effect of attentional focus on the performance of body movements through space (body projection).Participants (N = 24, Mage = 25.0 ± 3.3 years) performed a maximum vertical jump in a room with a 4-m ceiling under full-vision and no-vision conditions. Additionally, participants performed 3 trials under each of 3 attentional conditions, presented in a counterbalanced order: external focus (ExF; "concentrate on the ceiling and try to touch it"), internal focus (InF; "concentrate on your fingers and try to bring them up as high as possible"), and control (Con; no-focus instruction).Results indicated that regardless of visual condition, a statistically significant difference was observed such that participants in the ExF condition (30.93 ± 8.37 cm) jumped significantly higher than participants in both the InF (30.09 ± 8.66 cm, p = .004, d = 0.68) and Con (30.23 ± 8.73 cm, p = .002, d = 0.57) conditions. Furthermore, jump height was overall significantly higher in the full-vision condition compared with the no-vision condition (p = .004, d = 0.47). Importantly, there was no interaction between ExF and vision.The present findings demonstrate the benefit of an ExF on a body projection task and further provide evidence of the independence of ExF and visual information.

Ceiling effect

Long jump

Ceiling (cloud)

10.1080/02701367.2016.1224295

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External relative to internal attentional focus enhances motor performance and learning in visually impaired individuals

Disability and Rehabilitation (2019)

Reza Abdollahipour William M. Land Ana da Cruz Cereser Suzete Chiviacowsky

Background: Research has demonstrated the advantages of an external relative to internal focus of attention for enhancing motor performance and learning across diverse tasks, contexts and populations. However, research has yet to examine whether this finding holds true for individuals who have a major visual impairment in discrete and locomotion-based continuous motor tasks.Methods: In experiment 1, twenty-four visually impaired participants were asked to kick a soccer ball with their dominant foot to a target 7 meters away. Participants performed 10 trials within an internal focus (concentration on inside of the foot), external focus (concentration on the ball), and control (no focus instructions) conditions, in a counterbalanced order. In experiment 2, thirty-nine visually impaired adults were asked to ride a rehabilitation Pedalo for a distance of 7 meters. Participants were randomly assigned to either an internal focus (focus on the feet), external focus (focus on the platform), or control (no focus instructions) group. Retention and transfer tests were conducted on day 2.Results: An external focus resulted in more accurate kicks and faster pedalo movement times compared to an internal focus.Conclusions: These findings indicate that visual information does not mediate external focus benefits for motor performance and learning.Implications for RehabilitationPractitioners should use instructions that encourage visually impaired individuals who are going through rehabilitation to adopt an appropriate focus of attention for enhancing motor performance and learning of discrete or locomotion-based motor skills.Instructions that foster an external focus, relative to an internal focus, enhances performance of both discrete and continuous motor skills in individuals with visual impairment.

Motor Learning

Motor Control

10.1080/09638288.2019.1566408

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Relationship between balance and gait in children with a risk of developmental coordination disorders and their typically developing peers

Tělesná kultura (2016)

Adrián Agricola Miriam Palomo-Nieto Rudolf Psotta Reza Abdollahipour

VĂ˝chodiskĂĄ: VĂ˝vojovĂĄ porucha koordinĂĄcie (DCD), tieĹž znĂĄma ako vĂ˝vojovĂĄ dyspraxia, je neurologickĂĄ porucha, objavujĂşca sa v detstve, ktorĂĄ mĂ´Ĺže maĹĽ vplyv na plĂĄnovanie a koordinĂĄciu pohybov. ProblĂŠmy s rovnovĂĄhou sĂş jednĂ˝m z najÄastejĹĄie pozorovanĂ˝ch vonkajĹĄĂch prejavov u detĂ s touto vĂ˝vojovou poruchou a mĂ´Ĺžu maĹĽ vĂ˝raznĂ˝ vplyv na ich kaĹždodennĂş pohybovĂş ÄinnosĹĽ, akou je naprĂklad chĂ´dza. CieÄž: CieÄžom predloĹženej ĹĄtĂşdie bolo porovnaĹĽ priestorovo-ÄasovĂŠ parametre chĂ´dze u detĂ s rizikom DCD, u ktorĂ˝ch boli diagnostikovanĂŠ aj problĂŠmy s rovnovĂĄhou. Metodika: ĂÄastnĂkmi ĹĄtĂşdie boli deti (n = 28, priemernĂ˝ vek = 8,6 ± 1,0) zo zĂĄkladnĂ˝ch ĹĄkĂ´l. Test MABC-2 bol pouĹžit na vyhodnotenie motorickej Ăşrovne detĂ a urÄenie Ăşrovne rovnovĂĄĹžnych schopnostĂ. OptickĂŠ zariadenie Optojump-Next bolo pouĹžitĂŠ na zĂskanie priestorovo-ÄasovĂ˝ch parametrov poÄas chĂ´dze. ZĂskanĂŠ dĂĄta boli ĹĄtatisticky spracovanĂŠ za pomoci software IBM SPSS-21. VĂ˝sledky: VĂ˝sledky ukĂĄzali rozdiely medzi deĹĽmi s rizikom DCD a beĹžnĂ˝mi deĹĽmi v dÄşĹžke kroku (p < 0,001), v dÄşĹžke dvojkroku (p < 0,001), v stojnej fĂĄze (p = 0,007, resp. p = 0,017), v dvojooporovej fĂĄze (p = 0,011, resp. p = 0,032), v jednooporovej fĂĄze (p < 0,001), vo fĂĄze kontaktu (p = 0,021), v zĂĄĹĽaĹžovej fĂĄze (p = 0,047), v predĹĄvihovej fĂĄze (p = 0,002), v ĹĄvihovej fĂĄze (p = 0,015, resp. p = 0,004) a tieĹž v rĂ˝chlosti kroku (p < 0,001). ZĂĄvery: Na rozdiel od predloĹženej ĹĄtĂşdie vĂ¤ÄĹĄina doterajĹĄĂch prĂĄc, ktorĂŠ sa zameriavajĂş na problematiku chĂ´dze u detĂ s rizikom DCD, vychĂĄdza len z celkovĂ˝ch vĂ˝sledkov hodnotenia motorickej Ăşrovne detĂ, priÄom priamo nezohÄžadĹuje vĂ˝sledky Ăşrovne rovnovĂĄhy. To mĂ´Ĺže do znaÄnej miery skresliĹĽ dosiahnutĂŠ vĂ˝sledky, pretoĹže nie vĹĄetky deti s DCD musia disponovaĹĽ zĂĄroveĹ problĂŠmami s rovnovĂĄhou. Pri ĹĄpecifickĂ˝ch ĂşlohĂĄch je nutnĂŠ braĹĽ do Ăşvahy nielen celkovĂŠ skĂłre jedincov, ale aj vĂ˝slednĂŠ skĂłre samotnĂ˝ch testov, ktorĂŠ mĂ´Ĺžu maĹĽ priamy vplyv na vykonĂĄvania stanovenej Ăşlohy.

10.5507/tk.2015.021

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Behavioral and Neuroimaging Research on Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): A Combined Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Findings

Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

Emily Subara-Zukic Michael H. Cole Thomas B. McGuckian Bert Steenbergen Dido Green

The neurocognitive basis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD; or motor clumsiness) remains an issue of continued debate. This combined systematic review and meta-analysis provides a synthesis of recent experimental studies on the motor control, cognitive, and neural underpinnings of DCD.The review included all published work conducted since September 2016 and up to April 2021. One-hundred papers with a DCD-Control comparison were included, with 1,374 effect sizes entered into a multi-level meta-analysis.The most profound deficits were shown in: voluntary gaze control during movement; cognitive-motor integration; practice-/context-dependent motor learning; internal modeling; more variable movement kinematics/kinetics; larger safety margins when locomoting, and atypical neural structure and function across sensori-motor and prefrontal regions.Taken together, these results on DCD suggest fundamental deficits in visual-motor mapping and cognitive-motor integration, and abnormal maturation of motor networks, but also areas of pragmatic compensation for motor control deficits. Implications for current theory, future research, and evidence-based practice are discussed.PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020185444.

Neurocognitive

Motor coordination

Motor Control

10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809455

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The role of vision in walking patterns in children with different levels of motor coordination

Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte (2018)

Miriam Palomo Nieto Ludvík Valtr Reza Abdollahipour Adrián Agricola Rudolf Psotta

espanolLa investigacion ha mostrado como los ninos con problemas de coordinacion motriz se apoyan mas en la informacion visual para llevar a cabo destrezas motrices respectde sus iguales (TD). El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar el procesamiento de la informacion a traves de una tarea relacionada con la marcha en la que se restringe la informacion visual entre ninos con un desarrollo motor normal y aquellos conriesgo de tener problemas evolutivos de coordinacion motriz (DCDR). A treinta y dos ninos (edad: 8.9 ± 0.9 anos) se les pidio que caminaran por un pasillo de 10 metros a la velocidad que quisieran en 4 condiciones: vision-completa, recibiendo informacion 150ms y 100ms cada dos segundos, y no-vision. Los resultados mostraton que los ninos TD andaban mas rapido y con pasos y zancadas mas largos respecto de los DCDR, sin tener en cuenta la condicion visual. Ademas, la velocidad de la marcha y la longitude de los pasos y zancadas disminuia significativamente a medida que aumentaba el tiempo de occlusion, sin tener en cuenta el nivel de competencia motriz. La investigacion sugiere que eliminar o limitar la informacion visual afecta de manera distinta en el patron de la marcha a ninos TD y auqellos DCDR EnglishResearch has shown that children with developmental coordination disorder rely more heavily on vision to perform movement skills than their typically developing (TD) peers. The purpose of the current study was to investigate information processing by restricting visual information during walking tasks between TD children and children at risk of having developmental coordination disorder (DCDR). Thirty-two children (age: 8.9 ± 0.9 years) were asked to walk along a 10-metre walkway at a self-selected speed under four visual conditions: full-vision, visual input for 150-ms and for 100-ms within each 2 second, and non-vision. The results showed that TD children walked faster and with longer steps and strides than DCDR, regardless of the visual condition. In addition, the speed of walking and the step and stride length decreased significantly while the occlusion time increased, regardless of the level of motor competence. The study suggests that withdrawing and limiting visual information affect the gait cycle differently in DCDRand TD children. portuguesA pesquisa demonstrouque as criancas com dispraxia dependem mais acentuadamente da visao para executarmovimentos do que seus pares tipicamente em desenvolvimento (TD). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a contribuicao da informacao visual durante a caminhada entre criancas com TD e criancas em risco de ter dispraxia (DCDR). Trinta e duas criancas (idade: 8.9 ± 0.9 anos) foram convidadas a caminhar ao longo de uma passagem de 10 metros a uma velocidade auto-selecionada em quatro condicoes visuais: visao total, visao de recebimento de 150ms e 100ms a cada 2 Seg, e nao-visao. Os resultados mostraram que as criancas TD andavam mais rapido e com passos mais longos do que DCDR, independentemente da condicao visual. Alem disso, a velocidade de caminhar e o passo e o comprimento da passada diminuiram significativamente enquanto o tempo de oclusao aumentou, independentemente do nivel de competencia motora. O estudo sugere que retirar e limitar a informacao visual afetam diferentemente o ciclo de marcha em criancas DCDRe TD.

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Deprivation of Visual Information Affects Differently the Gait Cycle in Children with Different Level of Motor Competence

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Sciences (2015)

Miriam Palomo-Nieto Adrián Agricola Rudolf Psotta Reza Abdollahipour Ludvík Valtr

Gait cycle

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