Quentin Raillard--Cazanove

Centre Procédés, Energies Renouvelables et Systèmes Energétiques

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Robin Girard

École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris

Antoine Rogeau

Centre Procédés, Energies Renouvelables et Systèmes Energétiques

Edward Barbour

Loughborough University

Thibaut Knibiehly

Centre Procédés, Energies Renouvelables et Systèmes Energétiques

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Centre Procédés, Energies Renouvelables et Systèmes Energétiques

École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris

Université Paris Sciences et Lettres

ParisTech

Loughborough University

Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)

University of Birmingham

Energy Institute

University of Illinois Chicago

IIT@MIT

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Analysis of Smart Meter Electricity Consumption Data for PV Storage in the UK

Energies (2022)

Quentin Raillard--Cazanove Edward Barbour

Solar PV and battery energy storage (BES) costs for domestic consumers are constantly diminishing. On top of this, the end of the Feed-in-Tariff programme has significantly increased interest in combined PV + BES systems. In this paper, we explore the economics of domestic PV + BES systems, extending the current literature on the topic via the use of a large smart meter dataset and a demographic comparison. Predictably, time-varying tariffs and higher electricity prices generally strengthen the economic arguments for PV + BES systems, however our consumption data yields a wide range of Net Present Values for different consumers. In terms of demographics, we find that batteries are more favourable for more affluent households due to their larger consumption levels, though profitability becomes more uniform if the batteries are tailored to individual households. This is an important point for policy, since it indicates that if PV + BES systems become widely profitable this is unlikely to help the financial situation of lower-income households.

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10.3390/en15103732

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Industry Decarbonisation Bottom-Up Modelling in a Cost Optimised Trajectory

Quentin Raillard--Cazanove Antoine Rogeau Robin Girard

Decarbonisation of industrial sectors is imperative for mitigating global warming. However, there is a paucity of studies that explore potential synergies among various industrial sectors at the national level, particularly concerning CO2 reuse. This study focuses on six key European countries (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, and Spain) and analyses four primary CO2-emitting sectors (steel, chemicals, cement, and glass), with the inclusion of an e-fuels sector as an additional outlet for captured CO2.This paper evaluates the influence of diverse technical and economic conditions on energy consumption patterns and incentives for industrial stakeholders to reduce their emissions. A bottom-up technological model was developed, and all the technical and economic data are detailed in the paper. Findings underscore the significance of electricity consumption, bioenergy utilisation, and carbon capture technologies for decarbonisation. Moreover, the study reveals that in the reference scenario, a considerable proportion of captured CO2 is stored rather than reused during the period between 2030 and 2040 due to the delayed deployment of CO2 reuse technologies. A sensitivity analysis on various model parameters indicates that a carbon tax exceeding 300€/tCO2 leads to negligible reductions in total emissions, as direct emissions covered by the carbon tax approach zero. However, residual emissions persist, primarily stemming from the extraction for the remaining fossil fuels consumption. Thus, achieving a complete phase-out of fossil fuels necessitates significant economic incentives or the implementation of robust policy frameworks beyond mere economic considerations.

10.2139/ssrn.4761874

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Decarbonisation modelling for key industrial sectors focusing on process changes in a cost-optimised pathway

Applied Energy (2025)

Quentin Raillard--Cazanove Antoine Rogeau Robin Girard

10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125206

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Prospective bottom-up modelling of industry: what place for electrification in a cost optimised trajectory ?

2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe) (2023)

Quentin Raillard--Cazanove Robin Girard Antoine Rogeau

This paper focuses on evaluating the place of electricity in a cost-optimised trajectory of industrial emissions reduction in France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom (altogether called EU- 5 +1) for three key sectors: steel, chemistry, and cement. Authors used an open-source industry-centered bottom-up model and open-source data to achieve this goal. The results show that in the framework studied, the combined use of bioenergy, electricity and carbon capture is economically optimal for lowering emissions. Even in a higher electricity price scenario, electricity consumption increases by 185%. However, competitive electricity prices are associated with an increase in consumption of up to 366% (in the case of a fossil phase-out) as well as with a greater decrease in emissions. Finally, the associated connection capacity is also expected to increase in line with consumption according to minimum power estimates. At the scale of France (resp. EU- 5 +1), in this paper's reference scenario, this could represent around to 14 GW (resp. 54 GW) of minimum additional capacity.

10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408055

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Decarbonisation of industry and the energy system: exploring mutual impacts and investment planning

Quentin Raillard--Cazanove Thibaut Knibiehly Robin Girard

The decarbonisation of the energy system is crucial for achieving climate goals and is inherently linked to the decarbonisation of industry. Despite this, few studies explore the simultaneous impacts of decarbonising both sectors. This paper aims to examine how industrial decarbonisation in Europe affects the energy system and vice versa. To address this, an industry model incorporating key heavy industry sectors across six European countries is combined with an energy system model for electricity and hydrogen covering fifteen European regions, refered to as the EU-15, divided into eleven zones. The study evaluates various policy scenarios under different conditions.The results demonstrate that industrial decarbonisation leads to a significant increase in electricity and hydrogen demand. This additional demand for electricity is largely met through renewable energy sources, while hydrogen supply is predominantly addressed by blue hydrogen production when fossil fuels are authorized and the system lacks renewable energy. This increased demand results in higher prices with considerable regional disparities. Furthermore, the findings reveal that, regardless of the scenario, the electricity mix in the EU-15 remains predominantly renewable, exceeding 85%.A reduction in carbon taxes lowers the prices of electricity and hydrogen, but does not increase consumption, as the lower carbon tax makes the continued use of fossil fuels more attractive to industry. In scenarios that enforce a phase-out of fossil fuels, electricity prices rise, leading to a greater reliance on imports of low-carbon hydrogen and methanol. Results also suggest that domestic hydrogen production benefits from synergies between electrolytic hydrogen and blue hydrogen, helping to maintain competitive prices.

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Energy system

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