Xavier Caseras

Cardiff University

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Co-Authors

Rafael Torrúbia

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Paul M. Thompson

University of Southern California

Ole A. Andreassen

Oslo University Hospital

Neda Jahanshad

University of Southern California

Dara M. Cannon

Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

Sonya Foley

Cardiff University

Oliver Gruber

University of Göttingen

Ingrid Agartz

Karolinska Institutet

Dominik Grotegerd

University of Münster

David C. Glahn

Harvard University

Cooperative Institutions

King's College London

106

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

104

Radboud University Nijmegen

102

University of Southern California

Radboud University Medical Center

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental

Cardiff University

Harvard University

University of Oslo

Yale University

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Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire

PsycTESTS Dataset (2001)

Rafael Torrúbia César Ávila Javier Moltó Xavier Caseras

Punishment (psychology)

10.1037/t04113-000

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Citations (4)

Acquisition and generalization of fear conditioning are not modulated by the BDNF‐val66met polymorphism in humans

Psychophysiology (2012)

David Torrents‐Rodas Miquel À. Fullana Bárbara Arias Albert Bonillo Xavier Caseras

Abstract Few studies have investigated the role of the BDNF‐val66met polymorphism in fear conditioning in humans, and previous results have been inconsistent. In the present study, we examined whether the BDNF‐val66met was associated with differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear during a differential conditioning paradigm in a large sample of participants ( N = 141). Using three different indexes of fear learning (fear‐potentiated startle, skin conductance response, and online risk ratings) no effects of the BDNF‐val66met were found either on the acquisition or the generalization of conditioned fear. Taken together with previous data, our study suggests that the BDNF‐val66met polymorphism has no effect on the acquisition or generalization of fear.

Fear-potentiated startle

10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01352.x

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Citations (26)

Using structural MRI to identify bipolar disorders – 13 site machine learning study in 3020 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorders Working Group

Molecular Psychiatry (2018)

Abraham Nunes Hugo G. Schnack Christopher R. K. Ching Ingrid Agartz Theophilus N. Akudjedu

Abstract Bipolar disorders (BDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and disability. Objective biological markers, such as those based on brain imaging, could aid in clinical management of BD. Machine learning (ML) brings neuroimaging analyses to individual subject level and may potentially allow for their diagnostic use. However, fair and optimal application of ML requires large, multi-site datasets. We applied ML (support vector machines) to MRI data (regional cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volumes) from 853 BD and 2167 control participants from 13 cohorts in the ENIGMA consortium. We attempted to differentiate BD from control participants, investigated different data handling strategies and studied the neuroimaging/clinical features most important for classification. Individual site accuracies ranged from 45.23% to 81.07%. Aggregate subject-level analyses yielded the highest accuracy (65.23%, 95% CI = 63.47–67.00, ROC-AUC = 71.49%, 95% CI = 69.39–73.59), followed by leave-one-site-out cross-validation (accuracy = 58.67%, 95% CI = 56.70–60.63). Meta-analysis of individual site accuracies did not provide above chance results. There was substantial agreement between the regions that contributed to identification of BD participants in the best performing site and in the aggregate dataset (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.829–0.831). Treatment with anticonvulsants and age were associated with greater odds of correct classification. Although short of the 80% clinically relevant accuracy threshold, the results are promising and provide a fair and realistic estimate of classification performance, which can be achieved in a large, ecologically valid, multi-site sample of BD participants based on regional neurostructural measures. Furthermore, the significant classification in different samples was based on plausible and similar neuroanatomical features. Future multi-site studies should move towards sharing of raw/voxelwise neuroimaging data.

Kappa

Odds

Identification

10.1038/s41380-018-0228-9

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Citations (152)

Schizophrenia-associated genomic copy number variants and subcortical brain volumes in the UK Biobank

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2018)

Anthony Warland Kimberley Kendall Elliott Rees George Kirov Xavier Caseras

Abstract Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder for which anatomical brain alterations have been repeatedly reported in clinical samples. Unaffected at-risk groups have also been studied in an attempt to identify brain changes that do not reflect reverse causation or treatment effects. However, no robust associations have been observed between neuroanatomical phenotypes and known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. We tested subcortical brain volume differences between 49 unaffected participants carrying at least one of the 12 copy number variants associated with schizophrenia in UK Biobank and 9,063 individuals who did not carry any of the 93 copy number variants reported to be pathogenic. Our results show that CNV carriers have reduced volume in some of the subcortical structures previously shown to be reduced in schizophrenia. Moreover, these associations were partially accounted for by the association between pathogenic copy number variants and cognitive impairment, which is one of the features of schizophrenia.

Neurogenetics

10.1101/374678

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Citations (4)

The functional neuroanatomy of blood-injection-injury phobia: a comparison with spider phobics and healthy controls

Psychological Medicine (2009)

Xavier Caseras Vincent Giampietro Amilton da Costa Lamas M. Brammer Óscar Vilarroya

Background Most neuroimaging studies of specific phobia have investigated the animal subtype. The blood-injection-injury (BII) subtype is characterized by a unique biphasic psychophysiological response, which could suggest a distinct neural substrate, but direct comparisons between phobia types are lacking. Method This study compared the neural responses during the presentation of phobia-specific stimuli in 12 BII phobics, 14 spider (SP) phobics and 14 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results Subjective ratings showed that the experimental paradigm produced the desired symptom-specific effects. As in many previous studies, when viewing spider-related stimuli, SP phobics showed increased activation in dorsal anterior cingulate and anterior insula, compared to BII phobics and healthy controls. However, when viewing images of blood-injection-injuries, participants with BII phobia mainly showed increased activation in the thalamus and visual/attention areas (occipito-temporo-parietal cortex), compared with the other two groups. The degree of provoked anxiety and disgust by phobia-relevant images was strongly associated with activation in several common regions across the two phobia groups (thalamus, cerebellum, occipito-temporal regions) but only correlated with activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and the anterior insula in the SP phobics. Conclusions These results suggest partially distinct neurobiological substrates of animal and BII phobias and support their current classification as two distinct subtypes in the DSM-IV-TR. Further research is needed to better understand the precise neurobiological mechanisms in BII phobia and particularly the fainting response.

Specific phobia

Phobias

Phobic disorder

10.1017/s0033291709005972

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Citations (69)

88. Advanced Brain Age and its Clinical Correlates in Bipolar Disorder: A Global, Multi-Site Analysis of Data From the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorders Working Group

Biological Psychiatry (2019)

Lisa T. Eyler Garrett Timmons Bernhard T. Baune Geraldo F. Busatto Xavier Caseras

10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.102

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Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group

American Journal of Psychiatry (2024)

Kevin Hilbert Ole Jonas Boeken Till Langhammer Nynke A. Groenewold Janna Marie Bas‐Hoogendam

Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder, but the literature on associated brain structure alterations exhibits substantial gaps. The ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group examined brain structure differences between individuals with specific phobias and healthy control subjects as well as between the animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) subtypes of specific phobia. Additionally, the authors investigated associations of brain structure with symptom severity and age (youths vs. adults).

Phobias

Specific phobia

10.1176/appi.ajp.20230032

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Citations (4)

The cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between overgeneral autobiographical memory and adolescent depression in a UK population-based cohort

Journal of Affective Disorders (2020)

Naomi Warne Xavier Caseras Frances Rice

Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM), the tendency to recall fewer specific memories and recall more repeated or extended events, is associated with subsequent adult depression. However, prospective associations are only found in adolescents with additional risk factors for depression (e.g. OGM for negative material is associated with subsequent depression in females and those at familial risk of depression) and not in community samples. It remains unclear whether OGM is associated with subsequent depression in population-based adolescent samples or just in high-risk adolescents.

Autobiographical Memory

Depression

Cross-sectional study

Longitudinal data

Longitudinal Study

10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.011

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Citations (14)

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Science (2020)

Katrina L. Grasby Neda Jahanshad Jodie N. Painter Lucía Colodro‐Conde Janita Bralten

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Human brain

Genetic architecture

10.1126/science.aay6690

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Citations (689)

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish PID-5 in a Clinical and a Community Sample

Assessment (2015)

Fernando Gutiérrez Antón Aluja Josep M. Peri Natàlia Calvo Marc Ferrer

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) measures the trait part (Criterion B) of the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of DSM-5. Although its psychometric properties have proven adequate thus far, evidence is limited in other languages and in clinical samples. The Spanish PID-5 was examined in two samples comprising 446 clinical and 1,036 community subjects. Facet scales showed good internal consistency in both samples (median α = .86 and .79) and were unidimensional under exploratory and confirmatory approaches. They were also able to distinguish between clinical and community subjects with a mean standardized difference of z = 0.81. All facets except for Risk Taking were unipolar, such that the upper poles indicated pathology and the lower poles reflected normality, rather than the opposite pole of abnormality. The entire PID-5 hierarchical structure, from one to five factors, was confirmed in both samples with Tucker’s congruence coefficients over .95.

Facet (psychology)

Trait

10.1177/1073191115606518

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Citations (92)