The American Cancer Society and American Institute for Cancer Research recommend that cancer survivors limit intake of red and processed meats. This recommendation is based on consistent associations between red and processed meat intake and cancer risk, particularly risk of colorectal cancer, but fewer data are available on red and processed meat intake after cancer diagnosis.
Objectives
To examine whether intake of unprocessed red meat or processed meat is associated with risk of cancer recurrence or mortality in patients with colon cancer.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This prospective cohort study used data from participants with stage III colon cancer enrolled in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 89803/Alliance) trial between 1999 and 2001. The clinical database for this analysis was frozen on November 9, 2009; the current data analyses were finalized in December 2021.
Exposures
Quartiles of unprocessed red meat and processed meat intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire during and 6 months after chemotherapy.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of cancer recurrence or death and all-cause mortality.
Results
This study was conducted among 1011 patients with stage III colon cancer. The median (IQR) age at enrollment was 60 (51-69) years, 442 patients (44%) were women, and 899 patients (89%) were White. Over a median (IQR) follow-up period of 6.6 (1.9-7.5) years, we observed 305 deaths and 81 recurrences without death during follow-up (386 events combined). Intake of unprocessed red meat or processed meat after colon cancer diagnosis was not associated with risk of recurrence or mortality. The multivariable HRs comparing the highest vs lowest quartiles for cancer recurrence or death were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.58-1.23) for unprocessed red meat and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.75-1.47) for processed meat. For all-cause mortality, the corresponding HRs were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.47-1.07) for unprocessed red meat and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.72-1.51) for processed meat.
Conclusions and Relevance
In this cohort study, postdiagnosis intake of unprocessed red meat or processed meat was not associated with risk of recurrence or death among patients with stage III colon cancer.
<p>Supplemental Table 1 and 2. Association of pre-diagnostic BMI, waist circumference, weight change from age 21, total physical activity and vigorous physical activity with telomere length (Supplemental Table 1) and telomere variability (Supplemental Table 2) in cancer cells, stromal cells, basal cells, and luminal epithelial cells in men surgically treated for clinically localized prostate cancer, HPFS.</p>
BACKGROUND Healthy diet and exercise can improve quality of life and prognosis among men with prostate cancer. Understanding the perceived barriers to lifestyle change and patient preferences in a diverse cohort of men with prostate cancer is necessary to inform mobile health (mHealth) lifestyle interventions and increase health equity. OBJECTIVE We conducted a multisite study to understand the preferences, attitudes, and health behaviors related to diet and lifestyle in this patient population. This report focuses on the qualitative findings from 4 web-based focus groups comprising a racially and ethnically diverse group of patients with advanced prostate cancer who are on androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS We used grounded theory analyses including open, axial, and selective coding to generate codes. Qualitative data were analyzed as a whole rather than by focus group to optimize data saturation and the transferability of results. We present codes and themes that emerged for lifestyle intervention design and provide recommendations and considerations for future mHealth intervention studies. RESULTS Overall, 14 men participated in 4 racially and ethnically concordant focus groups (African American or Black: 3/14, 21%; Asian American: 3/14, 21%; Hispanic or Latino: 3/14, 21%; and White: 5/14, 36%). Analyses converged on 7 interwoven categories: context (home environment, access, competing priorities, and lifestyle programs), motivation (accountability, discordance, feeling supported, fear, and temptation), preparedness (health literacy, technological literacy, technological preferences, trust, readiness to change, identity, adaptability, and clinical characteristics), data-driven design (education, psychosocial factors, and quality of life), program mechanics (communication, materials, customization, and being holistic), habits (eg, dietary habits), and intervention impressions. These results suggest actionable pathways to increase program intuitiveness. Recommendations for future mHealth intervention design and implementation include but are not limited to assessment at the individual, household, and neighborhood levels to support a tailored intervention; prioritization of information to disseminate based on individuals’ major concerns and the delivery of information based on health and technological literacy and communication preferences; prescribing a personalized intervention based on individuals’ baseline responses, home and neighborhood environment, and support network; and incorporating strategies to foster engagement (eg, responsive and relevant feedback systems) to aid participant decision-making and behavior change. CONCLUSIONS Assessing a patient’s social context, motivation, and preparedness is necessary when tailoring a program to each patient’s needs in all racial and ethnic groups. Addressing the patients’ contexts and motivation and preparedness related to diet and exercise including the household, access (to food and exercise), competing priorities, health and technological literacy, readiness to change, and clinical characteristics will help to customize the intervention to the participant. These data support a tailored approach leveraging the identified components and their interrelationships to ensure that mHealth lifestyle interventions will engage and be effective in racially and ethnically diverse patients with cancer. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05324098; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05324098
Abstract Introduction: Literature is limited regarding post-diagnostic dairy intake and prostate cancer survival. We evaluated dietary intake of total, high-fat, and low-fat dairy in relation to disease-specific and total mortality after prostate cancer diagnosis. Methods: We included 926 men from the Physicians' Health Study diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer from 1982 to 2012, who completed a food frequency questionnaire a median of 5.1 years after diagnosis and were followed thereafter to assess mortality for a median of 9.9 years. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the association between frequency categories of dairy intake and prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Person-years of follow-up were counted from the date of FFQ completion until death or end of follow-up, whichever came first. Models were adjusted for age at diagnosis, total energy intake, vigorous exercise, body mass index, smoking status, clinical stage, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen levels at diagnosis, indicators for prudent dietary pattern and western dietary pattern, and time interval between diagnosis and FFQ completion. Results: A total of 333 men died during follow-up, including 56 due to prostate cancer. Post-diagnosed dairy consumption was relatively limited, with medians of 1.7 servings/day for total dairy intake, 0.64 servings/day for high-fat dairy intake, and 1 serving/day for low-fat dairy intake. Men consuming dairy foods more than 3 times per day had a 76% higher risk of total mortality and a 144% increased risk of prostate cancer specific mortality than those consuming less than one dairy product per day (relative risk (RR)=1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 2.55, Plinear-trend=0.001 for total mortality; RR=2.44, 95%CI: 0.99, 6.03, Plinear-trend=0.03 for disease-specific mortality). For total mortality, high-fat dairy intake (RR≥2 times/day vs <3 times/week=1.69, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.57) appeared to be more deleterious than low-fat dairy intake (RR≥2 times/day vs <3 times/week=1.25, 95%CI: 0.88, 1.77). The elevated risks of prostate cancer- specific mortality were comparable for high-fat dairy (RR≥2 times/day vs <3 times/week=1.81, 95% CI=0.71, 4.59) and low fat-dairy (RR≥2 times/day vs <3 times/week=1.83, 95%CI=0.75, 4.47). Conclusions: Among men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer, post-diagnostic dairy food intake was associated with greater prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. The associations of low-fat and high-fat dairy were comparable for prostate cancer-specific mortality, while intake of high-fat dairy products may be particularly detrimental for total mortality. Citation Format: Meng Yang, Stacey A. Kenfield, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Kathryn M. Wilson, Julie L. Batista, Howard D. Sesso, Jing Ma, Meir J. Stampfer, Jorge E. Chavarro. Dairy intake in relation to disease-specific and total mortality after prostate cancer diagnosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr A32.
The association of obesity at diagnosis with prostate cancer progression is uncertain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI; 18.5-<25, 25-<30, 30-<35, ≥35 kg/m
