Pulmonary aspergilloma usually arises in preexisting lung cavities characterized by recurrent hemoptysis. Although surgical resection of the aspergilloma is the best treatment, most patients are poor candidates for surgery because of far-advanced underlying pulmonary disease. On the other hand, pulmonary actinomycosis is a chronic, indolent bacterial infection and follows aspiration of oropharyngeal material. Bronchiectasis and obstructive lung disease are often associated underlying conditions.We report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma in bronchogenic cyst associated with an actinomycosis in 21-year-old woman treated by thoracoscopic surgery with a review of literature.
Ginsenoside Rh2, a major saponin derivative in ginseng extract, is recognized for its anticancer activities. Compared to coding genes, studies on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by Rh2 in cancer cells, especially on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) are sparse. LncRNAs whose promoter DNA methylation level was significantly altered by Rh2 were screened from methylation array data. The effect of STXBP5-AS1, miR-4425, and RNF217 on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was monitored in the presence of Rh2 after deregulating the corresponding gene. The ceRNA relationship between STXBP5-AS1 and miR-4425 was examined by measuring the luciferase activity of a recombinant luciferase/STXBP5-AS1 plasmid construct in the presence of mimic miR-4425. Inhibition of STXBP5-AS1 decreased apoptosis but stimulated growth of the MCF-7 cells, suggesting tumor-suppressive activity of the lncRNA. MiR-4425 was identified to have a binding site on STXBP5-AS1 and proven to be downregulated by STXBP5-AS1 as well as by Rh2. In contrast to STXBP5-AS1, miR-4425 showed pro-proliferation activity by inducing a decrease in apoptosis but increased growth of the MCF-7 cells. MiR-4425 decreased luciferase activity from the luciferase/STXBP5-AS1 construct by 26%. Screening the target genes of miR-4425 and Rh2 revealed that Rh2, STXBP5-AS1, and miR-4425 consistently regulated tumor suppressor RNF217 at both the RNA and protein level. LncRNA STXBP5-AS1 is upregulated by Rh2 via promoter hypomethylation and acts as a ceRNA, sponging the oncogenic miR-4425. Therefore, Rh2 controls the STXBP5-AS1/miR-4425/RNF217 axis to suppress breast cancer cell growth.
Various diseases, including stroke, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy (CP), may result in central or peripheral nerve injuries and can cause denervation of muscles.Denervation of muscles results in muscle atrophy, decreased muscle strength, and diminished locomotor abilities.Denervation of muscles can also cause changes in muscle architecture. 1Muscle architecture is an important determinant of muscle function 2 and is defined as the arrangement of muscle fibers within a muscle relative to the axis of force generation. 3Muscle architecture refers to bundles of fibers known as fascicles and is described by fascicle lengths (FLs) and pennation angles (PAs). 4so contributing to muscle architecture are muscle-tendon properties, which are associated with functional performance. 5,6ltrasonography (US) has become a popular method for characterizing muscle architecture because of its safety and noninvasive nature. 7The reliability of muscle architecture measurements by B-mode ultrasound imaging has been demonstrated in previous studies. 8,9Using US, changes in the muscle architecture of children with CP were reported after botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, 10 and muscle architecture was compared between the paretic limbs and non-paretic limbs in chronic stroke patients. 11o the best of our knowledge, architectural changes of healthy muscle without any comorbid disease after denervation have not yet been reported.This study aimed to investigate architectural changes in the gastrocnemius muscles (GCMs) after aesthetic tibial nerve ablation in healthy adults using US.This was a prospective study conducted in a university-affiliated hospital.Ethical
본 연구는 혈당상승 및 당뇨병 질환 개선을 위한 주요 목표효소인 α-glucosidase에 대하여 콩 주요 기능성 성분인 isoflavone 및 soyasaponin 성분에 대한 저해 효능 평가를 살펴보았다. 실험에 사용된 22종류의 성분 중 isoflavone에서는 genistein 및 daidzein 성분이 α-glucosidase 억제 효능이 뛰어났으며, ICSUB50/SUB 값은 각각 8.8±2.6 및 13.7±2.5 μM로 양성 대조군인 acarbose(ICSUB50/SUB=620.2 μM)에 비해 각각 70배 및 45배 더 우수한 효과를 보였다. 또한 genistein 및 daidzein 성분은 α-glucosidase에 대해 비경쟁적 저해를 하는 것으로 분석되었으며, Dixon plot을 이용하여 저해와 관련한 상수 KSUBi/SUB 값은 10.1 및 14.5 μM로 분석되었다. 하지만 일반 콩 종실에 많이 함유된 malonyl기 계열 및 배당체 형태의 isoflavone들은 100 μM 농도에서 저해 효과가 없었다. 콩 soyasaponin 중에서는 그룹B 계열의 사포닌인 soyasaponin Ba, Bb 및 Bb
녹농균은 특히 면역이 저하된 환자에게서 심각한 감염을 일으키는 그람음성의 기회감염 균주이다. 또한 carbapenem 내성 metallo-${\beta}$-lactamases (MBL)를 가진 녹농균이 한국에서 증가되는 추세로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 2차 병원인 삼육 서울 병원에서 수집된 총 92종의 임상 녹농균의 다재내성 수준을 분석하였다. 항생제에 대한 감수성은 최소억제농도(MIC) 분석에 의해 결정되었고, inhibitor-potentiated disk diffusion(IPD) 분석은 MBL 검출을 위해 수행되었다. RAPD-PCR은 임상환자에서 분리한 녹농균 계통의 유전적 유형의 특징을 밝히기 위해 사용되었다. 그 결과 임상에서 분리된 녹농균의 40.2%는 ceftazidime에 내성을, 58.7%는 meropenem에 내성을, 56.5%는 gentamicin에 내성을, 46.7%는 tobramycin에 내성을, 62.0%는 ciprofloxacin에 내성을 그리고 97.8%는 chloramphenicol에 내성을 보였다. IPD 분석에 의해 29종의 다재내성 균주로 관찰 되었고, RAPD 분석에 의해 19종은 IPM-1 유전자형을, 2종은 VIM-2 유전자형을 만들었다. MBL 유전자 검출 시험을 통해 19종의 IMP-1 생성 녹농균 중에서 16종이 유사한 유전자형을 보였고, 3종은 다른 유전자형이 관찰되었다. 임상에서 분리한 IMP-1 생성 다재내성 녹농균의 비율은 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이번 연구는 2010년 국내 임상에서 분리한 녹농균의 항생제 다제내성 패턴과 유전자형에 대한 정보를 제공한다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes serious infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Also, P. aeruginosa possessing carbapenem-resistant metallo-${\beta}$-lactamases (MBL) has been reported with increasing frequency in Korea. We therefore analyzed the level of multidrug-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from a secondary hospital in Korea in 2010. A total of 92 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from Sahmyook Medical Center in 2010. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration test; the inhibitor-potentiated disk diffusion (IPD) test was performed for MBL detection. RAPD-PCR was used for genotyping to rapidly characterize P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical patients. The percentages of non-susceptible isolates were as follows: 40.2% to ceftazidime, 58.7% to meropenem, 56.5% to gentamicin, 46.7% to tobramycin, 62.0% to ciprofloxacin and 97.8% to chloramphenicol. The 29 multidrug-resistant strains were screened by the IPD test: of the 21 PCR-positive isolates, 19 were IPM-1 producers and 2 were VIM-2 producers. Among the 19 IMP-1-producing P. aeruginosa isolates, 16 isolates showed similar patterns, and three different banding patterns were observed. The proportion of IMP-1-producing multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa from clinical isolates steadily increased in this secondary hospital in Korea in 2010. This study provides information about the antimicrobial-resistant patterns and genotype of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical isolates in Korea, 2010.
Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised and nosocomial patients, but this bacterial infection is rare in Korea. We report a case of Burkholderia cepacia peritonitis in a patient on CAPD. A 69-year-old male on CAPD for 5 years was presented with turbid peritoneal dialysate, diffuse abdominal pain and diarrhea. He was treated initially with intraperitoneal cefazolin and ceftazidime, and then intraperitoneal meropenem and oral TMP/SMX. His symptoms had improved with antibiotic treatment, but white blood cell counts of dialysate increased, instead. Burkholderia cepacia was isoloated from peritoneal fluid culture. The patient refused catheter removal in spite of our recommendation. He died of suddenly developed acute myocardial infarction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Catether tip culture also revealed Burkholderia cepacia.
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