To investigate the morphology of coronal femoral intertrochanteric fracture and its effect on reduction and internal fixation.The clinical and imaging data of 46 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who met the selection criteria between August 2017 and October 2018 were reviewed. There were 15 males and 31 females; the age ranged from 62 to 91 years, with an average of 72.8 years. The causes of injury included walking falls in 35 cases, falling out of bed in 4 cases, and traffic accidents in 7 cases. The AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification was type 31-A1 in 11 cases and type 31-A2 in 35 cases. All patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails. During the operation, fracture reduction and fixation were performed according to the preoperative evaluation results. According to the patients' preoperative X-ray film and CT three-dimensional reconstruction images, the direction of the coronal fracture line of the femoral intertrochanter and the morphological characteristics of the fracture block were observed; and the coronal fracture discrimination analysis was carried out for the fractures of different AO/OTA types. The percentages of coronal femoral intertrochanteric fractures diagnosed by preoperative X-ray film and CT three-dimensional reconstruction were calculated and statistically analyzed. The fracture reduction, the position of internal fixation [measurement of tip-apex distance (TAD)]. and the reliability of internal fixation were observed after operation.X-ray film was not easy to identify coronary fracture, and the coronal fracture line and the shape of the fracture piece weree clearly visible in CT three-dimensional reconstruction images. The morphological characteristics of the coronary fracture block: in AO/OTA 31-A1 type, the fracture line extended obliquely backward from the anterior tip of the large rotor, above the small rotor with or without small rotor fracture; in AO/OTA 31-A2 type, fracture line extended obliquely backward from the anterior tip of the large rotor to below the small rotor. Thirteen cases (28.3%) of coronal fractures were found on preoperative X-ray films, and 35 cases (76.1%) were found by CT three-dimensional reconstruction, showing significant difference ( χ2=21.083, P=0.000). In AO/OTA 31-A1 type patients, the proportion of coronal fractures found by X-ray film and CT three-dimensional reconstruction was 18.2% (2/11) and 54.5% (6/11), respectively, and that in AO/OTA 31-A2 type patients was 31.4% (11/35) and 82.9% (29/35), respectively, showing significant differences ( χ2=3.143, P=0.000; χ2=20.902, P=0.000). Among the 35 patients with coronal fractures, 6 cases (17.1%) of AO/OTA 31-A1 type, 29 cases (82.9%) of AO/OTA 31-A2 type. The operation time of the patient was 80-112 minutes, with an average of 95 minutes; the intraoperative blood loss was 180-450 mL, with an average of 360 mL. There was no complication such as infection, falling pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. At 3 days after operation, the internal fixators were all in the proper position. The TAD was 0.9-1.8 cm, with an average of 1.4 cm. All patients were followed up 14-18 months, with an average of 16 months. All the fractures healed osseously, and there was no complication such as nonunion and loosening of internal fixation.CT three-dimensional reconstruction can better identify coronal femoral intertrochanteric fractures than X-ray films, and accurately recognize and analyze the incidence and morphological characteristics of coronal fractures, which can help formulate more effective surgical strategies to promote patient recovery.研究股骨转子间冠状位骨折形态，并探讨其对复位内固定技术的影响。.回顾分析 2017 年 8 月—2018 年 10 月收治的符合选择标准的 46 例股骨转子间骨折患者临床及影像学资料。男 15 例，女 31 例；年龄 62～91 岁，平均 72.8 岁。致伤原因：行走摔伤 35 例，坠床致伤 4 例，交通事故伤 7 例。国际内固定研究协会/美国骨创伤协会（AO/OTA）分型为 31-A1 型 11 例，31-A2 型 35 例。所有患者均行闭合复位髓内钉内固定，术中根据术前评估结果进行骨折复位与固定。根据患者术前 X 线片和 CT 三维重建图像，观察股骨转子间冠状位骨折线的走向和骨折块形态特征；并对不同 AO/OTA 分型的骨折进行冠状位骨折鉴别分析。分别计算经术前 X 线片和 CT 三维重建确诊冠状位骨折的百分比，并进行统计分析。术后观察骨折复位情况、内固定位置 ［测量尖顶距（tip-apex distance TAD）］ 与内固定可靠程度。.X 线片不易识别冠状位骨折，CT 三维重建图像可清楚显示冠状位骨折线的走向和骨折块形态。冠状位骨折块的形态特点：AO/OTA 31-A1 型，骨折线从大转子顶端偏前部斜向后下延伸，在小转子以上，伴或不伴小转子骨折；AO/OTA 31-A2 型，骨折线从大转子顶端偏前部斜向后下延伸到小转子以下。术前 X 线片上确诊 13 例（28.3%）冠状位骨折，CT 三维重建确诊 35 例（76.1%），差异有统计学意义（ χ2=21.083， P=0.000）。AO/OTA 31-A1 型患者中，X 线片和 CT 三维重建确诊的冠状位骨折比例分别为 18.2%（2/11）和 54.5%（6/11），AO/OTA 31-A2 型患者分别为 31.4%（11/35）和 82.9%（29/35），差异均有统计学意义（ χ2=3.143， P=0.000； χ2=20.902， P=0.000）。在 35 例冠状位骨折患者中 AO/OTA 31-A1 型 6 例（17.1%），AO/OTA 31-A2 型 29 例（82.9%）。患者手术时间为 80～112 min，平均 95 min；术中出血量为 180～450 mL，平均 360 mL。术后无感染、坠积性肺炎及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。术后 3 d 复查内固定物均在合适位置，TAD 为 0.9～1.8 cm，平均 1.4 cm。患者均获随访，随访时间 14～18 个月，平均 16 个月。骨折均获骨性愈合，无骨不连、内固定物松动等并发症发生。.CT 三维重建较 X 线片能更好识别股骨转子间冠状位骨折；准确认识和分析冠状位骨折的发生率和形态学特征，有助于制定更有效的手术策略，以促进患者恢复。.
To evaluate the effectiveness of repairing the deltoid ligament with ankle fracture.Between January 2010 and January 2013, 11 patients with ankle fractures associated with deltoid ligament injury were treated. There were 7 males and 4 females, with an average age of 38.2 years (range, 18-72 years). The interval between injury and operation was 6 hours to 7 days (mean, 4 days). According to Lauge-Hansen classification, ankle fracture was rated as pronation-external rotation type in 5 cases, as supination-external rotation type in 4 cases, and as pronation-abduction type in 2 cases. The MRI and color Doppler ultrasound showed deltoid ligament rupture. The results of valgus stress test, talus valgus tilt test, and anterior drawer test after anesthesia were all positive. Fracture was treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and deltoid injury was repaired.All incisions healed primarily. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 13.3 months). The X-ray films showed anatomical reduction, good position of internal fixation and stable distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. The mean fracture union time was 7.6 weeks (range, 6-8 weeks). MRI at 3 months after operation showed normal shape of the deltoid ligament. According to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, the results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 81.8%.It is an effective method to treat ankle fracture with deltoid ligament injury by open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fracture and repair of the deltoid ligament injury, which can effectively rebuild medial instability and has satisfactory effectiveness.
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