Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection that is associated with longer stays in intensive care units (ICUs) and under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. This article explores the prevalence and impact of VAP on mortality and morbidity, emphasizing the microbial associations involved in hospital-acquired infections. Various infections, including Lung infections, surgical site infections, sepsis, and urinary tract infections, are discussed, along with their associated microorganisms. Diagnostic criteria for VAP and related infections are outlined, highlighting the importance of microbiological testing for accurate diagnosis. The underlying factors for VAP acquisition in ICU patients are identified, and prompt antibiotic initiation is emphasized as a critical first-line defense against VAP. In this study, we have populated data from 100 ICU patients, among which 45 were suffering from VAP. It was found that female patients (57.40%) were more affected than male patients (30.43%). The decreasing PaO2 level was seen to be the early sign of infection. It was found that the time of ventilation was the major factor influencing the VAP. The most common organism causing infection in our study was found to be Staphylococcus Aureus (45.1%). The prognosis of early-onset VAP was 35.55% while compared to Late-onset VAP 64.44%. When compared to VAP and Non-VAP patients there was not very huge difference with 55% and 45% respectively. The other factor was age and position. Implementation of Prevention strategies, such as protective environments and HEPA filtration systems, is proposed to reduce VAP incidence. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are crucial to combatting VAP and enhancing patient outcomes in hospital settings.
Albendazolum (ABZ) is a BCS class II drug. It has challenging biopharmaceutical properties, which include poor solubility and dissolution rate. These properties have laid the ground for developing a supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) to form oil-in-water nanoemulsion in situ to improve the oral bioavailability of ABZ. Based on the ABZ solubility, emulsifying ability, and stability after dispersion in an aqueous phase, an optimal self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) consisting of oleic acid, Tween® 20, and PEG 600 (X:Y:Z, w/w) was identified, having 10% (w/w) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E15 lv as its precipitation inhibitor. The optimized system possessed a small mean globule size value (89.2 nm), good dispersion properties (polydispersity index (PDI): 0.278), and preserved the supersaturated state of ABZ. S-SNEDDS was transformed into solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SS-SNEDDS) using microcrystalline cellulose as a solid material. The developed S-SNEDDS were characterized for globule size, pH, turbidity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and flow properties. The data obtained from the results suggest that this S-SNEDDS formulation can enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of ABZ for appropriate clinical application.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition which results in the body attacking itself. It occurs in the age group of 14 to ≥ 65 years. The average age is 28 years. More than 10 million cases per year in India are being recorded. Around 15% of cases emerge before the age of 10 years. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells known as T cells mistakenly attack the skin cells. Around 80% of people have mild psoriasis, and the other 20% have moderate to severe psoriasis. There are different types of psoriasis they are Plaque psoriasis occurs in about 80-90% of people, it appears as raised, inflamed, red lesions, covered by a silvery, white scales, usually on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. Inverse psoriasis appears in the different parts like armpits, the groin, under the breasts, and in other skin folds such as the buttocks and around the genitals. Argemone Mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. The flower has bright yellow latex, and though poisonous to grazing animals and is rarely eaten, but has been used medicinally by many people including those in its native area, the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and in Whole part of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, etc.
The novel drug delivery system is the new and advance method for treating the disease. From the era when the therapeutic response of drug depends mainly upon the interaction of drug molecules with the cell on the cell membrane- related Biological receptors. To achieve this goal the correct amount of drug has to be delivered to the site of action along with simultaneous control of the drug input rate. Generally after administration of drug located carrier's through only rate undesired bio distribution of drug molecule systemic administration of drug molecules limitations viz, rapid clearance from the systemic circulation either by metabolism inhibited penetrate target tissues or undesired non- specific uptake by sensitive normal tissue or cell cells
Tuberculosis is a disease that is caused due to bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculae which is a harmful bacterium which changes its structure by time and spreads very quickly. They are of 2 types disseminating tuberculosis in which the disease spreads all over the body within no time and the other one is nodal tuberculosis in which there is the formation of lymphomas and the diseased cells are clustered in that node itself. A male patient x of 34 years old was reported with pulmonary tuberculosis 6 months ago and was on regular treatment with AKT4 by DOTS and CAT. The patient has admitted with chief complain of 1 episode of seizures with clenching of teeth with loss of conscious, backache and abdominal pain. After diagnosis, he was detected with multiple CNS tuberculomas, pulmonary Koch’s and hyperbilirubinemia. He was initially taken to primary care hospital for seizure treatment and was shifted to multispecialty hospital for further management.
Background: The combination of patients' unsustainable use of antibiotics and doctors' inappropriate prescribing practices has resulted in challenges for disease control in the community and inadequate delivery of healthcare services. Methods: The General Public's understanding and awareness of AMR and the One Health Approach policy were evaluated through the use of a cross-sectional study questionnaire. Results were analysed statistically using SPSS software Study participants' knowledge, attitude, and perspective scores were predicted using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants who were self-employed have good knowledge (41.8%) about AMR and One Health Approach policy and also had higher KAP scores (CI = 4.885). Factors like age and gender were observed to have no impact on aggregate KAP scores. Conclusion: In light of the knowledge gaps identified in our survey, development and implementation of health education and campaign will help to improve awareness among General Public. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v13.i4.1339
Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) is endemic in our society. This study has reviewed important
statistics highlighting the role of VD in neurology. Studies have been reported with an impaired neurological
functioning comprising of generalized body weakness, generalized body pain, Parasthesia, spasm, proximal
myopathy, neck ache, cramps, headache and many others as a result of VD. These symptoms can be aided by
the consumption of appropriate of VD supplements. Analysis of blood samples resulted in the declined VD
levels of patients with co-morbid conditions, like neurology, endocrine (what endocrine), cardiology, orthopedic
clutters and pregnant patients. Patients between the age of 40 49 years, patients with absence of presentation
to daylight and meat consumers are most likely to have low level of VD. A study comprises of combined
therapeutic regimen including supplements, sunlight exposure and appropriate food consumption such as fish
was recommended. Patients that diligently flowed the therapy reported with an improvement in VD levels. The
study resulted in the recovery of 54 patients out of 130 patients, partially recovered were 71and not recuperated
were 5. The investigation was redirected to build up a relationship between the manifestations of VDD and comorbid
states of orthopedic, neurology, cardiology, endocrinology and pregnant patients. It is advised that VD
blood levels must be included in evaluating patients with Thyroidism, DM, PCOD & in Pregnant womens
because these might also influence VD levels
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