In recent decades, the development of novel photorelated nanomedicines as precise cancer nanotheranostics has received extensive attention. However, strategies aimed at integrating various stimuli-responsive multimodal therapies are needed. Herein, we developed a novel system for combined plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) and chemotherapy using the tumor microenvironment and near-infrared (NIR)-responsive gold nanorod-drug conjugates (Au NR@Curcumin). To synthesize this conjugate, the alkanethiol aliphatic acid (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, MUA) group was covalently linked to curcumin via an ester bond. MUA-curcumin conjugates and thiol-end-functionalized PEG were used to replace cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) while modifying the surface of the Au NRs. The size, zeta potential and shape were measured to characterize Au NR@Curcumin. The release of curcumin from Au NR@Curcumin was achieved by the cleavage of the esterase-labile ester bond in the tumor microenvironment which was enriched in esterase. Under NIR irradiation, the release of curcumin from Au NR@Curcumin was accelerated, caused by the excellent photothermal effect of the Au NRs. The antitumor effects of Au NR@Curcumin were tested on A549 human lung cancer cells, KB human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells and HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. The ability of the nanosystem to efficiently control the drug release responding to NIR laser irradiation and act as an outstanding hyperthermia agent was demonstrated. The systematic mechanistic elucidation of the tumor cell killing effect is achieved by inducing apoptosis and the arrest of the cell cycle in the treated cells. The combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy using the compact Au NR@Curcumin system showed a strong in vivo anticancer effect superior to that of either of the two treatments alone due to a synergistic effect. These results suggest that Au NR@Curcumin is a novel and promising photoablation agent that may be used for cancer nanotheranostics.
The palaeogeographic positions of South China in the Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents have long been controversial. We report petrological, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological, trace element geochemical and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions for metasedimentary rocks from the Shigu Group in the Zhongza Terrane, SW China. The Shigu Group has been regarded as the Precambrian basement of the Zhongza Terrane, and comprises mainly a suite of medium-/low-grade metamorphosed terrigenous clastic rocks. The youngest zircon age population of two metasedimentary rock samples from the bottom Shigu Group yields a weighted average age of 633 ± 9 Ma, indicative of a late Neoproterozoic (ca. 630 Ma) maximum deposition age. The youngest detrital zircon age of a metasedimentary rock from the upper Shigu Group is 597 ± 7 Ma, it may suggesting a considerably later deposition. Detrital zircon age distribution patterns of the Shigu Group metasedimentary rocks are similar to those of coeval sedimentary rocks in the western Yangtze Block. According to Hf isotope compositions and zircon morphology, the Neoproterozoic Shigu Group detritus may have sourced from Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the western Yangtze Block, whilst the pre-Neoproterozoic zircons might originate from recycling of the underlying metasedimentary rocks. Our results indicate that the basement of the Zhongza Terrane was a continuation of the Yangtze Block, which implies that Precambrian Yangtze basement rocks were present beyond the current boundary of the Block. In the late Neoproterozoic (ca. 630–570 Ma), the western Yangtze Block may have been facing the Proto-Tethys and received detritus mainly from the local Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks. During the late Neoproterozoic-earliest Palaeozoic (ca. 570–520 Ma), the seaway closure between the Yangtze (incl. Zhongza) Block and northern India likely created new pathways for delivery of the earliest Neoproterozoic and Pan-African detrital zircons into the lowermost Palaeozoic sequences in South China.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
China IT Report: 2004 September 2004 JASON DEDRICK, KENNETH L. KRAEMER, AND FEI REN Personal Computing Industry Center Graduate School of Management, University of California, Irvine 3200 Berkeley Place North Irvine, California 92697-4650 949.824.6387 Tel. 949.824.8091 Fax {jdedrick, kkraemer}@uci.edu The Center is supported by grants from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, industry sponsors, and University of California, Irvine (California Institute of Information Technology and Telecommunications, the Graduate School of Management, and the Vice Chancellor for Research). Personal Computing Industry Center Graduate School of Management, University of California, Irvine www.pcic.gsm.uci.edu
Subduction of oceanic plates beneath continental lithosphere is critical for understanding tectonic evolution and evaluation of prospecting and exploration. Within the Yidun Terrane (YDT) of southwestern China, a number of Mesozoic to Cenozoic granitoid intrusions are exposed and they are useful for investigating the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethys system. However, Mesozoic magmatism of the northern portion of the YDT, remains ambiguous regarding to their magmatic spatial–temporal evolution and their mineralization potential. As the largest pluton in the northern YDT, the Cuojiaoma batholith mainly consists of monzogranite and granodiorite. In this study, we present new zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os ages, whole-rock geochemical, and zircon Hf–O isotopic data for the Cuojiaoma batholith. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of granodiorite and monzogranite exhibit ages of 221.8 ± 1.4 Ma (n = 22, MSWD = 2.4) and 216.7 ± 2.2 Ma (n = 14, MSWD = 0.03), respectively. A total of 9 molybdenite samples differing Re-Os model ages of 205.4 ± 3.3 and 220.6 ± 5.5 Ma, yield a robust weighted mean model age of 209.9 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 2.4, n = 9) representing the depositional age of molybdenite. The monzogranite and granodiorite's mineralogical and geochemical characteristics indicate they are classified as (medium-) high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous I-type granite. Geochemically, they are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Rb, U, K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), and depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti and P) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), and contain distinctly or slightly negative Eu anomalies and no significant Ce anomalies, indicating an affinity to classical island arc magma. Combined with their negative zircon εHf(t) values (−16.24 to −2.49 and −16.41 to −1.43) and two-stage Hf model ages (2019–1255 Ma and 2027–1200 Ma), plus their zircon δ18O values, which range from 5.96 to 8.01 and from 5.05 to 7.61 for monzogranite and granodiorite, respectively, these geochemical indexes indicate that the Cuojiaoma batholith shares similar petrogenesis to other intrusions within the YDT. The formation of the early granodiorite may be genetically related to the slab subduction and is most likely formed by mixture of lower crustal melts and mafic magma derived from partial melting of mantle wedge induced by the influx of slab derived melt (fluid). Subsequent slab break-off and the upwelling asthenosphere at ∼ 216 Ma to 210 Ma led to high heat flow and extensive melting of the overlying mantle wedge, followed by the highly crystallization differentiation, which finally contributed to the monzogranite and the subsequential disseminated molybdenite in a post-subduction extension setting. The northern YDT possesses high Mo metallogenic prospectivity, especially for the magmatic activity that dominantly by lower crustal melt and genetically related to the slab break-off occurred at ∼ 216 Ma and represented by the highly fractionated granite derived from the large Cuojiaoma granitic batholith.
The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in the compromised extraction sockets using autogenous cortical-lamina anchoring technique (CAT).Twenty patients were treated with ARP in the compromised extraction sockets by applying CAT. Then implant placement and crown delivery was performed. A planned follow-up was performed by analyzing various outcome measures to evaluate the clinical outcomes, including primary outcome measures [radiographic assessment of residual alveolar ridge height (RARH) and residual alveolar ridge width (RARW)] and secondary outcome measures [clinical assessment of the healing of the soft and hard tissue, survival rates of implants, marginal bone loss (MBL) evaluation of implants, buccal bone thickness (BBT), and esthetic treatment outcomes].Among the 20 patients, 17 were consecutively treated and 3 dropped out after implant crown delivery because of loss to follow-up. After the ARP, the initial RARH (12.37 mm) significantly increased to 19.29 mm (P < .05). No significant difference was detected in the RARW before (7.92 ± 1.18 mm) and after (7.92 ± 1.18 mm) the ARP, but reduce to 6.99 ± 1.18 mm at the implant placement and 6.64 ± 0.77 mm at the 3-year follow-up (P < .05). The MBL at the implant crown delivery (0.13 ± 0.12 mm) significantly increased to 0.31 ± 0.14 mm at 1-year follow-up and 0.56 ± 0.23 mm at 3-year follow-up, respectively. The bone loss was limited (<1 mm) but statistically significant (P < .05). The BBT at the implant placement (2.53 ± 0.56 mm) significantly reduced to 2.23 ± 0.44 mm at implant crown delivery and 2.14 ± 0.40 mm at 3-year follow-up, respectively. The bone loss was also limited (<0.5 mm) but statistically significant (P < .05). Each implant site showed acceptable aesthetic outcome and the average score was 16.4. The incisions healed uneventful in all patients and the implant survival rate was 100% during the 3-year follow-up.Autogenous CAT was successfully applied to preserve the height and width of alveolar ridge in the compromised extraction sockets.
To investigate the modulation of Glycyrrhiza inflata and Daphne genkwa on the permeability characteristics of rhodamine 123 (R123), one P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, across the jejunum membranes. And then approach the possible permeability mechanism of the drugs after co-administration of G. inflata and D. genkwa in gastrointestinal tract.The permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) via Wistar rat jejunum membranes was evaluated by in vitro diffusion chamber system after oral administration of four different decoctions and 0.9% sodium chloride (20 mL x kg(-1)) for 1 week. And the concentration of R123 or CF was determined by the fluorospectrophotometry. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) was calculated by the equation P(app) = dQ/d(t) x (1/A x C0), where P(app) was expressed in cm/s, dQ/dT was the slope of the linear portion of the permeation curves, A was the diffusion area, and C0 was the initial concentration of rebamipide in the donor side, and then compare their differences were compared with control group.After oral administration of G. inflata decoction, D. genkwa decoction and decoction of the combination of the previous decoctions, the absorptive directed transport of R123 was significantly increased (P < 0.05, compared with control group). On the other hand, D. genkwa could also decrease the permeability of secretory directed transport (P(app) = 2.98 +/- 0.59), while no action of G. inflata was found on the secretory transport of R123 ( P(app) = 5.24 +/- 3.98) across the jejunum tissues, while P(app) of control group was 4.38 +/- 1.18. Meanwhile, G. inflata had no effect on transport of CF across the jejunum tissues, though the other three groups could decrease the permeability of CF, as compared with control group.G. inflata may slightly inhibit P-glycoprotein function in the intestinal membrane, while D. genkwa may be a relatively strong inhibitor of P-gp. For another, some compositions in D. genkwa inhibit P-gp function, and some others strengthen the tight junction between cells in the intestinal membrane to decrease permeability of CF. As the inhibitory action to P-gp was enhanced by combination of G. inflata and D. genkwa, based on the results, it may be one of the mechanisms of creating toxicity once co-administration of G. inflata and D. genkwa.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new developing technology for printing individualized materials swiftly and precisely in the field of biological medicine (especially tissue-engineered materials). Prior to printing, it is necessary to scan the structure of the natural biological tissue, then construct the 3D printing digital model through optimizing the scanned data. By searching the literatures, magazines at home and abroad, this article reviewed the current status, main processes and matters needing attention of confocal laser scanning microscope (LSCM) in the application of soft tissue fine structure 3D scanning, empathizing the significance of LSCM in this field.
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