Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AbstractIn this study the authors attempt to correlate kinetic constants for carbamylation of AChE, by a series of carbamate inhibitors, with the conformational positioning of Trp84 in transition state complexes of the same carbamates with Torpedo AChE, as obtained by computerized molecular modelling. They present evidence for changes in the distance of the carbamates from the center of the indole ring which can be correlated with the bimolecular rate constants for inhibition. As a result the greater the distance from Trp84, the smaller the bimolecular inhibition constant value, k1 (= k2/Ka), becomes. In conclusion, the value of the biinolecular rate constant for selected AChE inhibitors (structural changes that have been hypothesised or natural alkaloids of unknown activity) which possess similar size and rigidity, can be obtained. Under these conditions energy minimization alone seems to be sufficient even to accurately predict protein-substrate interactions that actually occur. Modelling studies also suggest that conformational re-orientation of Trp84 in the transition state could produce an overall movement of the Cys67-Cys94 loop.Key Words: : Acetylcholinesterase catalysisCholinesterase inhibitionBimolecular rate constantsConformationsAlzheimer's disease
A series of N ‐monoalkylsubstituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐9‐aminoacridines have been prepared after modelling simulation of the AChE–inhibitor complex. Molecular modelling has predicted a number of hydrophobic residues to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of this interaction between the binding sites of AChE and this series of aminoacridines. In these compounds the acridine moiety becomes sandwiched between the rings of PHE330 and TRP84. In particular, the alkyl chain shows the important role of aromatic groups as binding sites. Their in vitro inhibitory properties (enzyme from Electrophorus electricus ) confirm the aromatic groups as a general and significant characteristic of the mechanism of AChE inhibition.
The anticholinesterase activity of a new carbamate, heptylphysostigmine, was studied in vitro. This compound is a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (or true cholinesterase) having Ki= (1 ± 0.5) × 10−7 M. The inhibition was instantaneous at the onset and did not diminish with prolonged incubation of the drug and enzyme.
2-Nor-2-formylpyridoxal (NFPLP) has been synthesized and coupled to bovine Hb according to the procedure developed by Benesch and Benesch(1.Benesch R. Benesch R.E. Methods Enzymol. 1981; 76: 147-159Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar). The reaction of bovine Hb with NFPLP leads to a cross-linkage between the β subunits, which greatly stabilizes the low affinity T state of the molecule and simultaneously abolishes the tendency of the tetramer to dissociate into αβ dimers. The functional properties, examined from both the equilibrium and kinetic points of view, indicate that the chemical modification affects the O2 affinity, abolishes cooperativity, and induces a slight decrease of the Bohr effect. From modeling studies we are confronted with two different structural alternatives; the cross-link of β chains may be formed between lysine 82 of β2 and the N terminus of methionine 2 of β1 or between the two lysine 82 residues of both β2 chains. Digestion of modified β globin chains and isolation of the cross-linked peptide have showed that NFPLP cross-links Met-β2 and Lys-β82. This allowed discussion in some detail of the molecular basis of the Bohr effect of the modified bovine hemoglobin. On the whole, NFPLP-modified bovine Hb could be considered as a first step toward the synthesis of a potential blood substitute. 2-Nor-2-formylpyridoxal (NFPLP) has been synthesized and coupled to bovine Hb according to the procedure developed by Benesch and Benesch(1.Benesch R. Benesch R.E. Methods Enzymol. 1981; 76: 147-159Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar). The reaction of bovine Hb with NFPLP leads to a cross-linkage between the β subunits, which greatly stabilizes the low affinity T state of the molecule and simultaneously abolishes the tendency of the tetramer to dissociate into αβ dimers. The functional properties, examined from both the equilibrium and kinetic points of view, indicate that the chemical modification affects the O2 affinity, abolishes cooperativity, and induces a slight decrease of the Bohr effect. From modeling studies we are confronted with two different structural alternatives; the cross-link of β chains may be formed between lysine 82 of β2 and the N terminus of methionine 2 of β1 or between the two lysine 82 residues of both β2 chains. Digestion of modified β globin chains and isolation of the cross-linked peptide have showed that NFPLP cross-links Met-β2 and Lys-β82. This allowed discussion in some detail of the molecular basis of the Bohr effect of the modified bovine hemoglobin. On the whole, NFPLP-modified bovine Hb could be considered as a first step toward the synthesis of a potential blood substitute.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.