Chris Smith

Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Trends

Author Order

Document Type

Co-Authors

Jonathan Evans

Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

William J. Thomas

Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre

Timothy Batten

Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

Anthony M. J. Bull

Imperial College London

J. Kitson

Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre

Sian Gallacher

Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre

Adam M. Hill

University of Liverpool

H. Whiteley

Edge Hill University

Andrew L. Wallace

Fortius Clinic

Andrew A. Amis

Imperial College London

Cooperative Institutions

Library and Archives Northern Territory

Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

University College London

University of Oxford

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

University of Exeter

Imperial College London

University of Calgary

Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Field

The management of the shoulder skin microbiome (Cutibacterium acnes) in the context of shoulder surgery: a review of the current literature

Shoulder & Elbow (2020)

Nathan FE Moore Timothy Batten Christopher EJ Hutton William J. White Chris Smith

Background This review aims to establish current knowledge of the shoulder skin microbiome and how to manage the bacteria that reside within it. Methods A review was undertaken of the current literature through OvidSP. All abstracts were reviewed by three independent researchers. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. With forward referencing an additional 14 were included. None commented on organisms specific to the shoulder microbiome other than Cutibacterium acnes. Therefore, this review is focussed on the current knowledge of C. acnes. Discussion C. acnes is a skin commensal within the pilo-sebaceous glands reported to be the primary pathogen in up to 86% of shoulder joint infections. Pre-operative culture of unprepared skin can be indicative of underlying joint infection in shoulder arthroplasty revision. Intra-articular biopsies may have a high false positive due to skin contamination. Correlating the number of positive samples and certain associated signs can give a greater than 90% probability of a true infection. Standard surgical skin preparation, peri-surgical intravenous antibiotics and oral pre-operative antibiotics do not reduce bacterial load within the skin. However, topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin have both demonstrated significantly reduced bacteria load. Phylogenetically there are six main types. Patients may have more than one phenotype present during infection.

Shoulder surgery

10.1177/1758573220945226

Cite

Citations (6)

Research: Smoking & Tobacco: Smoking & Tobacco

Chris Smith

Pack-year

Tobacco Industry

Tobacco smoke

Tobacco in Alabama

Source

Cite

Citations (0)

The clinical assessment and classification of shoulder instability

Current Orthopaedics (2008)

Adam M. Hill Anthony M. J. Bull James K. Richardson Alison H. McGregor Chris Smith

Presentation (obstetrics)

Empirical examination

Complaint

10.1016/j.cuor.2008.02.006

Cite

Citations (12)

Chromatography

Oxford University Press eBooks (2022)

Qiuyu Wang Nessar Ahmed Chris Smith

This chapter studies chromatography, which is the collective term for a family of analytical techniques used to separate the components of mixtures of molecules for their identification and possible estimation of their concentrations in the original mixture. All chromatographic techniques are based on differences in the relative affinities of the molecules in a mixture of two different and immiscible phases, one of which is mobile and the other stationary. The basis of all forms of chromatography is the partition or distribution coefficient, which describes the way in which a substance distributes at equilibrium between two immiscible phases. Most types of chromatography are used in biomedical science laboratories to assist in analysing and purifying analytes from a variety of clinical samples. The chapter then looks at planar chromatography, column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography.

Displacement chromatography

Paper chromatography

10.1093/hesc/9780198831228.003.0011

Cite

Citations (0)

Cytokine signalling

Oxford University Press eBooks (2000)

Brian M. J. Foxwell Amanda E. Hunt Ferdinand Lali Chris Smith

Abstract The study of cytokines as a discrete topic has existed for approximately two decades. Initial studies focused on the identification of new cytokines, a process that is still continuing, with approximately 150 having been identified to date. The subsequent characterization of cytokine receptors led to the identification of several supramolecular cytokine receptor families (see Figure 1). As a consequence of these studies the complex nature of cytokine receptor structure also became apparent, with receptors often composed of multiple components. These observations gave an early indication of the complexity of cytokine signalling mechanisms. A general overview of cytokine and cytokine receptor structures can be found in the Cytokinefacts book (1).

Cytokine receptor

Common gamma chain

10.1093/oso/9780199638581.003.0006

Cite

Citations (0)

Finishing the Lander Mark VII

Apress eBooks (2011)

James Floyd Kelly Chris Smith

You'll find the second half of the building instructions for the lander in this chapter. Each image shows the pieces you will need to locate in the LEGO Education Resource Set and their quantities. You will also see where these pieces are to be placed.

10.1007/978-1-4302-3805-8_8

Cite

Citations (0)

Large-Scale Trends in the Evolution of Gene Structures within 11 Animal Genomes

PLoS Computational Biology (2006)

Mark Yandell Chris Mungall Chris Smith Simon Prochnik Joshua S. Kaminker

We have used the annotations of six animal genomes (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Ciona intestinalis, Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, and Caenorhabditis elegans) together with the sequences of five unannotated Drosophila genomes to survey changes in protein sequence and gene structure over a variety of timescales--from the less than 5 million years since the divergence of D. simulans and D. melanogaster to the more than 500 million years that have elapsed since the Cambrian explosion. To do so, we have developed a new open-source software library called CGL (for "Comparative Genomics Library"). Our results demonstrate that change in intron-exon structure is gradual, clock-like, and largely independent of coding-sequence evolution. This means that genome annotations can be used in new ways to inform, corroborate, and test conclusions drawn from comparative genomics analyses that are based upon protein and nucleotide sequence similarities.

Comparative Genomics

Homo sapiens

Anopheles gambiae

Caenorhabditis

10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020015

Cite

Citations (81)

Dynamic and static external fixation for distal radius fractures—A systematic review

Injury (2010)

Chetan S. Modi Kevin Ki‐Wai Ho Chris Smith Ronald Boer S. Turner

10.1016/j.injury.2010.02.030

Cite

Citations (11)

Medial Artery Calcification as an Indicator of Diabetic Peripheral Vascular Disease

Foot & Ankle International (2008)

Chris Smith Jonathan Gavin Bilmen Shehzad Iqbal Sharon Robey Melwyn Pereira

Mönckeberg sclerosis or medial artery calcification (MAC) is a well-known phenomenon associated with diabetic and other arterial disease. However, its consequence within the foot, and specifically the first dorsal metatarsal artery, has not previously been studied.Nearly 1,000 foot x-rays were studied over a 9-month period in a busy hospital to identify the prevalence of first dorsal metatarsal artery calcification. The electronic medical notes for all the patients were reviewed to confirm which patients were known to be diabetic. The patients with positive findings were then identified and their HbA1c, creatinine, and previous foot interventions recorded.Of the population studied, 1.4% had medial artery calcification of the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery: 93% were known diabetics and 100% had impaired glucose tolerance (a glucose plasma concentration of greater than 7.8 mmol/l 2-hours post-glucose loading). Seventy-nine percent had required previous podiatric care for foot ulceration and 64% had required surgical intervention for their diabetic feet. MAC has a high positive predictive value (92.9% (95% CI 69.2 to 98.7)) for diabetes, with a good specificity (99.9% (95%CI 99.4 to 100)) and low false positive rate (0.1% (05%CI 0.0 to 0.6)).Medial artery calcification in the first dorsal metatarsal artery is characteristic of impaired glucose metabolism, and if seen on routine x-ray should be an indication for screening of the patient. It should also be considered as a foot-at-risk sign in the established diabetic due to the high incidence of foot ulceration and need for surgical intervention in this group.

10.3113/fai.2008.0185

Cite

Citations (75)

Accuracy of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Articular-Sided Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears

Shoulder & Elbow (2010)

Chetan S. Modi Chris Smith Kevin Ki‐Wai Ho Shanmugam Karthikeyan Santosh Rai

Background The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography in the detection of articular-sided partial thickness rotator cuff tears. Methods Two-hundred and forty-six shoulders of 245 patients underwent ultrasonography and subsequent shoulder arthroscopy. All scans were performed by an experienced specialist musculoskeletal radiologist and arthroscopies were carried out by a single surgeon. Results Fifty-eight partial thickness tears (of which 56 were articular-sided) were found at arthroscopy. Of the remaining shoulders, 90 had full thickness tears and 98 had intact rotator cuffs. Ultrasonography correctly identified 21 of 56 articular-sided tears as partial thickness tears. It had a sensitivity of 7%, a specificity of 98% and an accuracy of 74% for the diagnosis of articular-sided partial thickness tears. If a full thickness tear was considered as a true positive, the sensitivity increased to 89%, specificity to 98% and accuracy to 96%. Discussion Ultrasonography is not sufficiently accurate to diagnose articular-sided partial thickness tears. A higher accuracy can be achieved if a full thickness tear is considered a positive finding. Ultrasonography should not be considered a first line investigation for a clinically suspected partial thickness rotator cuff tear. An articular-sided partial thickness rotator cuff tear should be considered in all patients undergoing an arthroscopic rotator cuff procedure.

10.1111/j.1758-5740.2010.00088.x

Cite

Citations (7)