ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnnular and nonannular binding sites for cholesterol associated with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptorOwen T. Jones and Mark G. McNameeCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 7, 2364–2374Publication Date (Print):April 5, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00407a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00407a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1. delta-Aminolaevulate synthetase was detected in liver and kidney mitochondria prepared from normal rats. 2. The administration of allylisopropylacetamide induced an increase in delta-aminolaevulate synthetase in both liver and kidney mitochondria and the enzyme also appeared in the cytosol fraction of both tissues. Comparison with the distribution of glutamate dehydrogenase indicated that this soluble kidney delta-aminolaevulate synthetase was truly of cytosol origin and did not arise from disrupted mitochondria. The kidney cytosol enzyme was inhibited by 50% by 50mum-protohaem. 3. delta-Aminolaevulate synthetase could not be detected in mitochondria or cytosol from heart or brain from normal or porphyric rats. 4. The administration of allylisopropylacetamide caused little or no increase in ferrochelatase or cytochrome content of liver, kidney, heart or brain mitochondria.
A patient’s readiness for discharge can be assessed from the perspectives of the clinician, patient, and family. Criterion-based assessment by the clinician is the most commonly reported method, but there is no ecologically valid method available to assess readiness for discharge while in the hospital. The Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) is a novel game-based program, that provides a sequence of objectives related to activities involved in a multi-level shopping task. The aim of the present study was (1) to examine the feasibility of administering the VRFCAT in a population of very low functioning patients with chronic schizophrenia, (2) to relate the performance of the study patients to standardized VRFCAT performance data of higher functioning patients (Keefe et al. 2016), (3) to assess the concurrent validity of the VRFCAT in this population, and (4) to correlate the performance measures to measures of community adjustment 4 weeks after hospital discharge. The VRFCAT was administered after informed consent to inpatients with DSM 5 diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, who were eligible for discharge from a long-term inpatient psychiatric facility. Independent variables included the VRFCAT time to completion (adjusted total time), number of errors on 12 VRFCAT objectives, and the number of times that an individual failed to complete a task (forced progression). The SLOF, the UPSA-B and the PSP were completed for concurrent validity. Patients were followed for one month after their discharge to assess the level of their community adjustment as measured by the SLOF, the UPSA-B and the PSP. Of the 80 subjects enrolled, a total of 72 subjects had evaluable data with a mean age of 41.23 years (SD = 10.11). 55.56% of subjects also had an axis I substance use diagnosis. The mean level of education was 9.89 (SD = 2.69) and 56.94% of patients had a history of incarceration. When compared to higher functioning patients’, participants performed 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for the adjusted total time (Mean T Score = 24.89, SD = 16.56), total errors (T = 24.11, SD = 22.69), and 2 SDs below the mean for total forced progressions (T = 29.56, SD = 14.311). VRFCAT test-retest reliability showed unchanged mean T scores: total time (T Score = 23.11, SD = 16.23), total errors (T = 23.56, SD = 22.00). Pearson correlations at baseline for 4 of 12 VRFCAT objectives with concurrent SLOF Activities (Pay for the Bus, Shop for Groceries, Pay for Groceries), and Work Skills (Shop for Groceries, Pay for Groceries) domain scores were statistically significant (p < 0.001). At 4-week follow-up, significant correlation was found with the change in PSP Domain A of socially useful activities and change in VRFCAT Adjusted Total Time [r = 0.586, p = 0.044]. There were no significant correlations between the SLOF and VRFCAT for change from baseline. There was no difference in VRFCAT scores between the subjects who were re-hospitalized and those who missed clinic appointments. Non-relapsing participants had a higher score on adjusted total time, which indicates worst functional outcomes. Results indicate that the VRFCAT is feasible in schizophrenia patients with low levels of functioning and delivers meaningful functional concurrent data. Both concurrent and test-retest validity were good. The VRFCAT performance level was not useful for measurement of readiness for discharge for clinical purposes.
Objective: Assess the impact of having a living donor on waitlist outcomes and overall survival through an intention-to-treat analysis. Background: Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) offers an alternative to deceased donation in the face of organ shortage. An as-treated analysis revealed that undergoing LDLT, compared to staying on the waiting list, is associated with improved survival, even at Model for End-stage Liver Disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score of 11. Methods: Liver transplant candidates listed at the Ajmera Transplant Centre (2000-2021) were categorized as pLDLT (having a potential living donor) or pDDLT (without a living donor). Employing Cox proportional-hazard regression with time-dependent covariates, we evaluated pLDLT’s impact on waitlist dropout and overall survival through a risk-adjusted analysis. Results: Of 4,124 candidates, 984 (24%) had potential living donors. The pLDLT group experienced significantly lower overall waitlist dropouts (5.2%vs. 34.4%, P <0.001) and mortality (3.8%vs. 24.4%, P <0.001) compared to the pDDLT group. Possessing a living donor correlated with a 26% decline in the risk of waitlist dropout (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95%CI 0.55-0.99, P =0.042). The pLDLT group also demonstrated superior survival outcomes at 1- (84.9%vs. 80.1%), 5- (77.6%vs. 61.7%), and 10-year (65.6%vs.52.9%) from listing (log-rank P <0.001) with a 35% reduced risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.65, 95%CI 0.56-0.76, P <0.001). Moreover, the predicted hazard ratios consistently remained below 1 across the MELD-Na range 11-26. Conclusions: Having a potential living donor significantly improves survival in end-stage liver disease patients, even with MELD-Na scores as low as 11. This emphasizes the need to promote awareness and adoption of LDLT in liver transplant programs worldwide.
Cell membrane cholesterol is an important determinant of membrane fluidity. Changes in fluidity have important consequences for membrane function. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia could therefore affect membrane function by reducing cell membrane cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with simvastatin affects membrane cholesterol and the activity of the polymorphonuclear cell membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase. Blood was obtained from 12 hypercholesterolaemic patients before, and 6 weeks after, treatment with simvastatin, and from 20 normolipidaemic subjects. Cell cholesterol was in the unesterified form indicating that it was membrane-associated. Pretreatment mean cell cholesterol concentration in the hyperlipidaemics was higher ( p<0·05) than in the normolipidaemics [4·19fmol/cell, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·38–5·05 versus 3·10fmol/cell, 95% CI 2·58 3·61]. There was a strong correlation between cell cholesterol content and NADPH oxidase lag phase ( R s = 0·76, P<0·01). Cell cholesterol fell to 3·52fmol/cell (95% CI 2·77–4·28, P<0·05) following treatment and there was a correlation ( R s = 0·61, P<0·05) between the reductions in cell cholesterol and lag phase.
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