Building Performance Optimization (BPO) plays a pivotal role in enhancing building performance, guaranteeing comfort while reducing resource consumption. Existing performance-driven generative design is computational demanding and difficult to be generalized to other similar buildings with difficult to be generalized to other building types or climate conditions. To fill this gap, this paper introduces a novel framework, which integrates multitask learning (MTL), code compliance check, and multi-objective optimization through NSGA III algorithm. This framework is able to identify Paratoo Optimal design solutions, which comply with building codes, at low computation costs. The framework begins with selecting key design variables that are critical to building energy, comfort performance and life cycle cost. It then employs MTL to enhance the model's accuracy while guaranteeing generalizability. Next, we designed a code compliance checking module followed by the NSGA-III optimization process, with the objective of identifying solutions that comply with existing building codes. The results indicate that the proposed MTL network achieved an R2 score of 0.983-0.993 on the test set. In the particular case study where equal weights are preferred, this approach yielded noteworthy reductions of 27.65%, 19.55%, and 31.13% in Building Energy Consumption (BEC), Life Cycle Cost (LCC), and Residue of continuous Daylight Autonomy (RcDA), respectively, for a rural dwelling, and exclude solutions that fail to satisfy regulatory standards. This framework allows designer to input the weights of each objective based on their preference and can be applied to other building types and climate regions. Last, we develop a solution selection tool based on the results output by the framework we proposed, which can be found at https://github.com/LiMingchen159/Village-House-Design-Strategy-in-Hebei-Province-China.
Eco-toxicant residues permanently stay in the environment and eventually are consumed by plants, animals and humans. Consequently, various diseases and carcinogenic aberrations are caused on humans. Industrial production each year will produce much more eco-toxicants which have been directly discharged into the environment without treatment and ruined the environment in an unpredictable way. The analysis of the mechanism of ecotoxicity unveils the relationship between economic development and the emission load of eco-toxicants. According to the principle of system dynamics, the future emission behavior of eco-toxicants in China was predicted, and the cost required for the eco-toxicant emission control that has surpassed the environment capacity was calculated so as to provide the basis for the development of relevant policy and inputs in the emission control of ecotoxic substances.
The natural lighting of buildings plays an important role in creating a comfortable indoor light environment and reducing the energy consumption of artificial lighting. Teaching buildings have special requirements for the indoor light environment. Classroom glare, corridor backlit, and low natural illumination in corridor are light pollution problems easily appear in teaching building, which cannot be ignored in the design of teaching building. Regarding the issues above, the paper took the Arts and Sciences Building of Xinyang Normal University as an example, through the architectural modeling, space forms, facade effects and other features, used VELUX simulation software to simulate the illuminance and daylighting parameters of different sunroofs and provided solutions for classroom glare and corridor lighting. Ultimately, the paper analyzed the building lighting energy saving schemes based on regional climate and environment, and found out the best balance point for the energy saving design of lighting and thermal environment, meanwhile, provided valuable and practical reference for lighting design of corridor skylights in the region.
The traditional energy-saving evaluation method for industrial buildings is intended for all industrial buildings; however, substation buildings belong to a special category of industrial buildings, and their energy consumption characteristics are different from those of general industrial buildings. Consequently, it is necessary to establish an energy-saving evaluation system for substation buildings according to the characteristics of their energy consumption. In view of the issue that the energy consumption characteristics of substation buildings are different from those of other industrial buildings, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) are used to establish a more comprehensive energy saving evaluation model that is more applicable to substation buildings. This paper determines 19 quantitative indicators and 13 qualitative indicators through the screening of relevant standards and norms, as well as the literature, and then determines the weight of each indicator by using AHP before finally establishing a secondary evaluation model based on FCE. In this paper, a substation in Shandong, China was selected as a case study to verify the proposed evaluation model, scoring 80.4 points, which falls within the “Good” grade. This method is of great significance for the future establishment of energy-saving evaluation system for substation buildings.
Abstract In the presence of montmorillonite K 10, 5(6)-unsaturated sterols (1) were heated at refluxing temperature in dichloromethane to provide 5(6)/5′(6′)-unsaturated 3β,3′β-disteryl ethers (4) in 69–73% yield. The mechanism of the reaction was discussed.
The development and utilization of new energy has been concerned due to the traditional energy is increasingly scarce. In recent years, solar building has developed rapidly in the construction industry which is a major energy consuming component. As an organic part of the building, the combination of roof and solar energy has become the focus of attention because of its large size, less shielding and other characteristics. Based on the works of recent years’ Solar Decathlon, this paper analysed the design and implementation of the integration of solar building’s roof and photovoltaic. Meanwhile, taking an office building in Xinjiang, China as an example, the paper analysed the design points and energy-saving situation of the roof photovoltaic building and prospected the application prospect of integrated design method of building’s solar roof.
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