Electroporation is a next generation bioelectronics device. The emerging application of electroporation requires high voltage pulses having a pulse-width in the nanosecond range. The essential use of a capacitor results in an increase in the size of the electroporator circuit. This paper discusses the modification of a conventional Marx generator circuit to achieve the high voltage electroporation pulses with a minimal chip size of the circuit. The reduced capacitors are attributed to a reduction in the number of stages used to achieve the required voltage boost. The paper proposes the improved isolation between two capacitors with the usage of optocouplers. Parametric analysis is presented to define the tuneable range of the electroporator circuit. The output voltage of 49.4 V is achieved using the proposed 5-stage MOSFET circuit with an input voltage of 12 V.

Marx Generator

Switched capacitor

10.3390/electronics11132013

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Citations (4)

Pivot in Early Stage Startups: Key Factors and It’s Impact

Aliv Banerjee Debarshi Ghosh Nilanjan Ray Tanmoy Majumder Moumita Roy

10.1109/tqcebt59414.2024.10545100

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Radio frequency based material estimation of old age 3D sculptures

Materials Today Proceedings (2020)

Nitika Dhingra Nitin Saluja Roopali Garg Varinder S. Kanwar Debarshi Ghosh

Sculpture

3D Scanning

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.579

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High-Frequency Load Independent Electroporator Circuit Design for Nanosecond Pulse Generation

Selvakumar Ganesan Ashu Taneja Debarshi Ghosh Nitin Saluja

The technique of pores formation in the cell/tissue membrane by an applied electric field across the membrane is known as electroporation. The electroporation results in drug delivery through the cells but it suffers the challenges of inefficient transportation of drugs owing to the non-linearities of multicellular structure. However, medical applications require a pre-set of electrical pulses to be delivered to the load in order for electroporation to be effective. This paper presents a novel load independent electroporator design for nanosecond pulse generation. The presented electroporator is capable of forming rectangular pulses for a broad range of load parameters 10k to 100k. To generate short nanosecond pulses in the range of 5 ns, and 10 ns independent of the electroporator load, a variable load resistor ranging from 10k to 100k is used that overcomes the use of a crowbar driving circuit. The electroporator is capable of generating pulses with a pulse repetition frequency of 30 MHz and it is designed to handle bipolar and unipolar pulse sequences.

Nanosecond

Crowbar

Pulse repetition frequency

10.1109/icaeeci58247.2023.10370771

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern Representation from AI Inspired Brain Model in Spiking Neural Network

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2021)

Narinder Pal Singh Partha Sarathy Archana Mantri Gurjinder Singh Debarshi Ghosh

Neuronal population activity in the brain is the combined response of information in the spatial domain and dynamics in the temporal domain. Modeling such Spatio-temporal mechanisms is a complex process because of the complexity of the brain and the limitations of the hardware. In this paper, we demonstrate how information processing principles adapted from the brain can be used to create a brain-inspired artificial intelligence (AI) model and represent Spatio-temporal patterns. The same is demonstrated by designing the tiny brain using spiking neural networks, where activated neuronal populations represent information in the spatial domain and transmitting signals represent dynamics in the temporal domain. Spatially located sensory neurons excited by input visual stimuli further activate motor neurons to trigger a motor response that causes behavior modification of the robotic agent. Initially, an isolated brain network is simulated to understand the excitation part from sensory to motor neurons while plotting waveform between membrane potential and time. The response of the network to stimulate robot body movements is also plotted to demonstrate representation. The simulation shows how the response of particular visual stimuli modifies behavior and helps us understand the body and brain synchronization. The perceived environment and resultant behavior response allow us to study body interaction with the environment.

Representation

10.33263/briac125.66186631

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Comparison of Nano-second and Millisecond Pulse Generators for Biological applications of Electroporation

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (2021)

Apoorwa Haldiyan Debarshi Ghosh Nitin Saluja S. Ganeshan Thakur Gurjeet Singh

A phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cells is known as electroporation. It is the basis for number of the applications in biomedical domains. It is essential to consider requirement of high precision and the overall size of electroporator. The recent decades have seen the development of solid-state power electronic modules. The modules enable generation of high voltage millisecond and nano-second pulses with options to reduce the overall size of the equipment. The selective modules are verified with experimental models and available for commercial usage. While the other modules are still undergoing optimization processes. The generator generates pulses for varying performances. Hence, this paper presents knowledge for different nanosecond and millisecond pulse generating circuits for electroporation purposes. The performance parameters like the width of the pulse, its amplitude are compared for different circuit topologies. The performance analysis of different topologies and their impact on the performance of the electroporation at the cell biology level are considered in this paper.

Millisecond

Nanosecond

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00501

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Radio Frequency Based Sensor for Adulteration Measurement in a Continuous Two Phase-Flow of Alcoholic Beverages

Sensing and Imaging (2023)

Nitika Dhingra Debarshi Ghosh Nitin Saluja Thennarasan Sabapathay

Transceiver

10.1007/s11220-023-00441-6

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A Mathematical Model to Expedite Electroporation Based Vaccine Development for COVID-19

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2021)

Akshil Kumar Debarshi Ghosh Nitin Saluja Thakur Gurjeet Singh

Electroporation has an application in the selective delivery of drugs explicitly into cells. However, the challenge is to achieve efficiency in delivering the drugs. The key parameter responsible for successful electroporation-mediated drug delivery is induced transmembrane voltage (ITMV). The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved the clinical trials of DNA plasmid delivery of the COVID-19 vaccine through electroporation. The requirement is to develop a COVID-19 vaccine within a limited time. Hence, the extensive amount of laboratory experiments are not feasible. It has increased dependency on simulation-based analysis. The simulations of electroporation depend on ITMV expression for the specified cell and the environment. In this paper, we have derived the closed-form expression of ITMV (∆Vm). The closed-form expression is used in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation to obtain extracellular concentration variation as a function of time. The simulation results match the empirical results from the literature and hence validate the closed-form expression. The closed-form expression will reduce the development time of electroporation-assisted COVID-19 vaccine delivery.

Multiphysics

Expression (computer science)

10.33263/briac122.19511961

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A FEM Study of Molecular Transport Through a Single Nanopore in a Spherical Cell

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2021)

Debarshi Ghosh Nitin Saluja Thakur Gurjeet Singh

Electroporation has a specific application in the delivery of drugs into the cells. In addition, the challenge is to be able to deliver the drugs effectively. The key to the electroporation-based delivery method is regulated induced transmembrane voltage (ITMV). Recently, with the advent of COVID-19, there has been an increase in clinical trials on the delivery of DNA plasmids by electroporation. As a result, the substantial number of laboratory experiments are not feasible, thereby increasing the dependency on simulation-based research. Simulations of delivery of extracellular material into the cell depend upon molecular transport modeling in an electroporated cell. In this paper, molecular transport through a single nanopore is being studied theoretically. The closed-form expression of molecular transport is used in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation to obtain extracellular concentration variation as a function of time. Sinusoidal pulses with the varying magnitude of electric field (8kV/cm and 10 kV/cm) and time duration were used to understand pulse parameters' effect on molecular transport. The simulation results match the empirical result from the literature hence validate the simulation study.

Multiphysics

Nanopore

10.33263/briac123.29582969

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Citations (2)