Chiara Alfonsi

Sapienza University of Rome

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Eugenio Mercuri

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

Vincenzo Leuzzi

Sapienza University of Rome

Enrico Bertini

Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital

Mario Mastrangelo

Policlinico Umberto I

Rosario Domingo‐Jiménez

Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases

Silvia Frosini

Fondazione Stella Maris

Inés Podzamczer‐Valls

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Filippo Manti

Sapienza University of Rome

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Ángeles García‐Cazorla

Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona

Roberta Scalise

Fondazione Stella Maris

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Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

University College London

Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic

Sapienza University of Rome

Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona

Centro Clinico Nemo

Great Ormond Street Hospital

Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases

Catholic University of America

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L-serine treatment in patients with GRIN-related encephalopathy: a phase 2A, non-randomized study

Brain (2024)

Natalia Juliá‐Palacios Mireia Olivella Mariya Sigatullina Bondarenko Salvador Ibáñez‐Micó Beatriz Muñoz Cabello

Abstract GRIN-related disorders are rare developmental encephalopathies with variable manifestations and limited therapeutic options. Here, we present the first non-randomized, open-label, single-arm trial (NCT04646447) designed to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of L-serine in children with GRIN genetic variants leading to loss-of-function. In this phase 2A trial, patients aged 2–18 years with GRIN loss-of-function pathogenic variants received L-serine for 52 weeks. Primary end points included safety and efficacy by measuring changes in the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Bayley Scales, age-appropriate Wechsler Scales, Gross Motor Function-88, Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist and the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form following 12 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes included seizure frequency and intensity reduction and EEG improvement. Assessments were performed 3 months and 1 day before starting treatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after beginning the supplement. Twenty-four participants were enrolled (13 males/11 females, mean age 9.8 years, SD 4.8), 23 of whom completed the study. Patients had GRIN2B, GRIN1 and GRIN2A variants (12, 6 and 5 cases, respectively). Their clinical phenotypes showed 91% had intellectual disability (61% severe), 83% had behavioural problems, 78% had movement disorders and 58% had epilepsy. Based on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite standard scores, nine children were classified as mildly impaired (cut-off score > 55), whereas 14 were assigned to the clinically severe group. An improvement was detected in the Daily Living Skills domain (P = 0035) from the Vineland Scales within the mild group. Expressive (P = 0.005), Personal (P = 0.003), Community (P = 0.009), Interpersonal (P = 0.005) and Fine Motor (P = 0.031) subdomains improved for the whole cohort, although improvement was mostly found in the mild group. The Growth Scale Values in the Cognitive subdomain of the Bayley-III Scale showed a significant improvement in the severe group (P = 0.016), with a mean increase of 21.6 points. L-serine treatment was associated with significant improvement in the median Gross Motor Function-88 total score (P = 0.002) and the mean Pediatric Quality of Life total score (P = 0.00068), regardless of severity. L-serine normalized the EEG pattern in five children and the frequency of seizures in one clinically affected child. One patient discontinued treatment due to irritability and insomnia. The trial provides evidence that L-serine is a safe treatment for children with GRIN loss-of-function variants, having the potential to improve adaptive behaviour, motor function and quality of life, with a better response to the treatment in mild phenotypes.

10.1093/brain/awae041

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Citations (6)

Volumetric study of brain MRI in a cohort of patients with neurotransmitter disorders

Neuroradiology (2022)

Chiara Alfonsi Christian Stephan‐Otto Elisenda Cortès‐Saladelafont Natalia Juliá Palacios Inés Podzamczer‐Valls

Gyrus

Neuropsychiatry

Neurochemistry

10.1007/s00234-022-02989-8

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Citations (2)

6 Minute Walk Test in Duchenne MD Patients with Different Mutations: 12 Month Changes

PLoS ONE (2014)

Marika Pane Elena Mazzone Maria Pia Sormani Sonia Messina Gian Luca Vita

Objective In the last few years some of the therapeutical approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are specifically targeting distinct groups of mutations, such as deletions eligible for skipping of individual exons. The aim of this observational study was to establish whether patients with distinct groups of mutations have different profiles of changes on the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) over a 12 month period. Methods The 6MWT was performed in 191 ambulant DMD boys at baseline and 12 months later. The results were analysed using a test for heterogeneity in order to establish possible differences among different types of mutations (deletions, duplications, point mutations) and among subgroups of deletions eligible to skip individual exons. Results At baseline the 6MWD ranged between 180 and 560,80 metres (mean 378,06, SD 74,13). The 12 month changes ranged between −325 and 175 (mean −10.8 meters, SD 69.2). Although boys with duplications had better results than those with the other types of mutations, the difference was not significant. Similarly, boys eligible for skipping of the exon 44 had better baseline results and less drastic changes than those eligible for skipping exon 45 or 53, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions even if there are some differences among subgroups, the mean 12 month changes in each subgroup were all within a narrow Range: from the mean of the whole DMD cohort. This information will be of help at the time of designing clinical trials with small numbers of eligible patients.

Exon skipping

10.1371/journal.pone.0083400

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Longitudinal assessment of perceptual-motor abilities in pre-school preterm children

Early Human Development (2014)

Claudia Brogna Paola De Rose Serena Sivo Valentina Laganà Alessandra Graziano

Longitudinal Study

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.08.001

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In-depth phenotyping of movement disorders in WARS2 encephalopathy

Journal of the Neurological Sciences (2021)

Serena Galosi Federica Rachele Danti Francesca Nardecchia F. Gigliotti Chiara Alfonsi

Movement Disorders

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases

Mitochondrial disease

10.1016/j.jns.2021.117675

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Broadening phenotype of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: A novel clinical pattern resembling neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports (2019)

Mario Mastrangelo Chiara Alfonsi Isabella Screpanti Laura Masuelli Barbara Tavazzi

We describe a 7-year-old boy presenting with a developmental encephalopathy, severe epilepsy, retinopathy with salt and pepper fundus, and ultrastructural skin alterations resembling a neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Whole exome-sequencing detected biallelic variants in the ADSL gene (c.65C > T [p.(Ala22Val)] and c.340 T > C [p.(Tyr114His)]). The increase of SAICAR and S-Ado in blood and urine was consistent with the pattern of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (OMIM 103050). An unusual increase of AICAR, that was due to a residual ADSL enzyme activity of about 28%, was also detected. Neither salt and pepper retinopathy nor ultrastructural skin alterations had been reported in ADSL deficiency before. Impaired purinergic signaling inside the retina is probably involved in visual failure. Ultrastructural alterations in fibroblasts suggest a possible damage of autophagic processes, whose role in the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction deserves further study.

10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100502

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Citations (3)

Suitability of North Star Ambulatory Assessment in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Neuromuscular Disorders (2014)

Roberto De Sanctis Marika Pane Serena Sivo Valeria Ricotti Giovanni Baranello

Typically developing

Age groups

10.1016/j.nmd.2014.09.015

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Citations (45)

Functional analysis of gut microbiota and immunoinflammation in children with autism spectrum disorders

Digestive and Liver Disease (2019)

Claudia Carissimi Ilaria Laudadio Francesca Palone Valerio Fulci Vincenzo Cesi

HMGB1

10.1016/j.dld.2019.06.006

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Citations (51)

Brain MR patterns in inherited disorders of monoamine neurotransmitters: An analysis of 70 patients

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (2021)

Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann Alexander Mohr Jennifer Friedman Filippo Manti Gabriella Horváth

Abstract Inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMNDs) are rare disorders with clinical manifestations ranging from mild infantile hypotonia, movement disorders to early infantile severe encephalopathy. Neuroimaging has been reported as non‐specific. We systematically analyzed brain MRIs in order to characterize and better understand neuroimaging changes and to re‐evaluate the diagnostic role of brain MRI in iMNDs. 81 MRIs of 70 patients (0.1‐52.9 years, 39 patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies, 31 with primary disorders of monoamine metabolism) were retrospectively analyzed and clinical records reviewed. 33/70 patients had MRI changes, most commonly atrophy (n = 24). Eight patients, six with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (DHPR), had a common pattern of bilateral parieto‐occipital and to a lesser extent frontal and/or cerebellar changes in arterial watershed zones. Two patients imaged after acute severe encephalopathy had signs of profound hypoxic‐ischemic injury and a combination of deep gray matter and watershed injury (aromatic l ‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADCD), tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD)). Four patients had myelination delay (AADCD; THD); two had changes characteristic of post‐infantile onset neuronal disease (AADCD, monoamine oxidase A deficiency), and nine T2‐hyperintensity of central tegmental tracts. iMNDs are associated with MRI patterns consistent with chronic effects of a neuronal disorder and signs of repetitive injury to cerebral and cerebellar watershed areas, in particular in DHPRD. These will be helpful in the (neuroradiological) differential diagnosis of children with unknown disorders and monitoring of iMNDs. We hypothesize that deficiency of catecholamines and/or tetrahydrobiopterin increase the incidence of and the CNS susceptibility to vascular dysfunction.

Cerebral atrophy

10.1002/jimd.12360

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Application of the Scale for the Assessment of Feeding Interaction (SVIA) to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry (2019)

Elena Catino Giorgia Perroni Michela Di Trani Chiara Alfonsi Flavia Chiarotti

Background and objectives: Feeding problems occur more frequently among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The aim of thisstudy was to analyse eating difficulties of ASD children through the direct observation of the caregiver-child co-regulation system. Methods: We compared 60 ASD children with a control group of 50 typically developing Italian children on the Scale for the Assessment of Feeding Interaction (SVIA). The Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviour Inventory (BAMBI) was used to define the presence of an eating disorder. Results: The ASD group showed higher scores on all dimensions of the SVIA compared tothe control group. The SVIA and the BAMBI showed significant correlations. In a second step, the ASD sample was divided into two subgroups, children with and without feeding difficulties. The comparison between the ASD subgroups with the control group on the SVIA scales showed significant differences on all dimensions. Finally, significant differences emerged between the two ASD subgroups in three SVIA dimensions. Conclusion: These data suggest the importance of direct observation of feeding in the assessment of children with ASD. The SVIA seems to be able to point out some feeding difficulties in these subjects and to discriminate ASD with and without an eating disorder. Critical aspects of the application of SVIA to autistic children are discussed.

Autistic spectrum disorder

Typically developing

10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00529

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Citations (8)