The present study was undertaken to know the suppression of weed growth through Dryopteris serrato-dentata (Beddome) Hayata (Dhekishak) and Blumea lacera Dc. (Shialmutra) residues and to estimate the manures and fertilizers effect with the Dhekishakand Shialmutra residues on boro rice at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from November 2022 to April 2023. There were two rice varieties viz., BRRI dhan29 (V1) and BRRI dhan89 (V2) having seven different treatments comprising of residues of Dryopteris serrato-dentata (Beddome) Hayata and Blumea lacera Dc., manures and fertilizers (t ha−1): Control (R1), Residues1.5 + Cowdung 5 (R2), Residues1.5 + Cowdung 2.5 + 50% of recommended dose Fertilizer (R3), Residues 1.5 + Vermicompost 5 (R4), Residues 1.5 + Vermicompost 2.5 + 50% of recommended dose Fertilizer (R5), Residues 1.5 + Trichocompost 10 (R6) and Residues 1.5 + Trichocompost 5 + 50% of recommended dose Fertilizer (R7) and was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Eleven weed species from seven families were found in this study. Minimum weed growth (1.68) was found in treatment V2R5 (BRRI dhan89 × Residues 1.5 + Vermicompost 2.5 + 50% of recommended dose Fertilizer) and the maximum was (67.40) in V2R1 (BRRI dhan89 × Control). The grain yield as well as the yielding parameters such as the effective tillers hill−1 (8.83), grains panicle−1 (124.98), grain yield (5.33 t ha−1), straw yield (6.49 t ha−1) were recorded highest in V2R5 (BRRI dhan89 × Residues 1.5 + Vermicompost 2.5 + 50% of recommended dose Fertilizer). It was obvious from the study that the residues had capability to suppress the weed growth and integrated manures and fertilizers enhances the yield performance of boro rice. Therefore, Dryopteris serrato-dentata (Beddome) Hayata and Blumea lacera Dc. residues combined with manures and fertilizers might be an efficient source of eco-friendly weed management and yield enhancement tool for sustainable boro rice production.
This research paper aims to evaluate the performance of DSSAT CERES-Rice model in simulating the impact of different (28 °C, 30 °C and 32 °C) increased temperatures change with the relations of five upland rice genotypes (Dawk Pa-yawm, Mai Tahk, Bow Leb Nahng, Dawk Kha 50 and Dawk Kahm) on grain yield for future crop management.Results showed that temperature significantly affected grain yields, harvest index, flowering and maturity date which indicate that medium temperature (30 °C) gave highest grain yield bearing genotype Dawk Kahm (6,700 kg/ ha) whereas at maximum temperature (32 °C), simulated grain yields varied from 3094 to 6460 kg/ ha.Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of simulated and observed data less than 10% indicated that grain weight, leaf area index, tillers number and harvest index had more consistency agreement with the yield.Thus, it was proved that the CERES-Rice crop simulation model was more useful as a tool for different phenological traits under changing temperature conditions.And the model approximated grain yields at different temperatures with reasonable accuracy.
Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal covering a wide range of subject areas in tropical and subtropical agriculture published quarterly by the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. The journal is also available on the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna website https://www.agri.ruh.ac.lk/tare/index.htm .
Carbon (C) sequestration in soil plays a crucial role in increasing soil quality through recommended management practices including applying organic amendments, following cropping patterns, fallow periods etc. This study aimed to assess the influence of rice-based cropping patterns on soil C and nutrient status in surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface soil (15-30 cm). Soils of five rice-based cropping patterns [Boro (winter rice)-Fallow-Fallow, Boro-Fallow-Aman (monsoon rice), Boro-Fallow-Aman-Mustard, Boro-Aus (summer rice)-Aman, Vegetables-short Fallow-Aman] from farmers’ fields of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh were collected. Bulk soils were physically fractionated into particulate organic matter (POM: >53 µm) and mineral associated OM (MOM: < 53 µm) to assess the organic C (OC) distribution. Bulk soils were analyzed for soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil texture, nutrients (OC, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S)) contents. The results showed that all studied parameters varied significantly among the cropping patterns and soil depths. Surface soils contain higher amount of OC, N, P, K and S than sub-surface soils under all rice-based cropping patterns. Overall, relatively higher macronutrients (P, K, S) concentration was found in the cropping patterns with a greater number of crops compared to the patterns including fallow period. In contrast, OC and N were the highest in Boro-Fallow-Fallow field followed by Vegetables-short Fallow-Aman and the rest three patterns, which might correspond to less disturbance of soil. All the rice-based cropping patterns had noticeable proportion of MOM (presumably stable OC) than labile POM which indicates the capacity of paddy soils in sequestering OC in soils. However, this capacity can be influenced by the pattern and probably also by the management systems, e.g., tillage and nutrient managements. These findings revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the selection of cropping pattern and proper land/or crop management for higher C sequestration in arable soil.
Thirty-one Aman rice germplasm were evaluated to assess their morphological variability and genetic diversity considering ten quantitative and thirty one qualitative traits at the field experimental plot of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, following randomized complete block design. The germplasm showed significant differences for all the studied traits. The highest grain yield/plant was recorded in Sentu-16 whereas the lowest was found in Gaindha. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was lower than those of the corresponding phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all the traits. High PCV and GCV along with heritability, genetic advance (GA) and GA in percentage of mean were recorded for number of filled grains/panicle and number of unfilled grains/panicle. Grain yield/plant had positively significant correlation with plant height, number of total tillers/hill, number of effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains/panicle and thousand grain weight. Path co-efficient analysis suggested that grain yield/plant had positive direct effect in association with days to fifty percent flowering, number of effective tillers/hill, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle and thousand grain weight. Principal component analysis revealed that the first three components accounted for 79.57% of cumulative variance. Cluster analyses were revealed that the studied rice germplasm organized into five clusters based on D2 values where maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V. Qualitative characterization by distinctness, uniformity and stability test revealed that a wide range of variation was observed among the genotypes. Therefore, this study would be useful for breeders to choose and identify the revival and preservation of beneficial genes for crop improvement.
ABSTRACT The understanding of ecophysiological basis of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield potential provides a useful framework to complement conventional breeding aimed at achieving genetic gains. This study analyzed the ecophysiological performance of an elite wheat mapping population (105 double‐haploid lines derived from two modern cultivars, Bacanora and Weebil, with similar phenology but different and stable combinations of grain number per area unit (GN) and grain weight (GW) resulting in high grain yield) grown in four contrasting high‐yielding environments, to determine the most successful strategies to increase grain yield potential. Main effect of environment on grain yield was significant ( p < 0.0001) but the genotypic component was larger than genotype × environment interaction (30%). A robust and positive relationship between grain yield and biomass production was observed across all environments ( r 2 > 0.82, p < 0.0001), and relatively high harvest indexes were expressed (0.39–0.51). While GN was clearly the dominant numerical component in terms of association with grain yield ( r 2 > 0.51, p < 0.0001), a wide range in both components (i.e., GN and GW) was observed across all environments. This population represents a valuable resource for prebreeding studies, as the transgressive segregation in physiological and numerical yield components in combination with favorable expression of all agronomic traits could allow a fine phenotyping and mapping to identify key traits and quantitative trait loci linked with grain yield.
Soil salinity is a significant threat to agriculture and livelihood, particularly in the Southern coastal areas of Bangladesh. Soil salinity is extended from 0.833 to 1.056 million hectares (about), with an increase of 26% between 1973 and 2009. Out of about 1.689 million hectares of coastal land, about 1.056 million hectares are affected by soil salinity of various degrees covering 49 Upazila (sub-district) of 19 districts. About 0.328, 0.274, 0.189, 0.161, and 0.101 million hectares of land are affected by very slight (S1), slight (S2), moderate (S3), strong (S4), and very strong salinity (S5), respectively. Data recorded by SRDI manifests new ingression of salinity in Narail (18.71 ha), Jashore (14.99 ha), Barishal (13.96 ha), Gopalgonj (6.27 ha), Jhalakati (4.69 ha), and Madaripur (0.72 ha) districts. Soil salinity also encroached a large area of Bhola (53.84 ha), Patuakhali (40.08 ha), Khulna (27.92 ha), and Bagerhat (23.14 ha), besides minor ingression in other districts. The salinity level is almost double (2.8-18.5 to 4.0-42.8 dS/m) from 1973 to 2009 in Sharankhola Upazila of Bagerhat district, Dumuria Upazila of Khulna district and Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district (SRDI, 2010). Different causes are involved in increasing the water and soil salinity of the coastal area of Bangladesh, like withdrawal of fresh river water from upstream, irregular rainfall, faulty management of sluice gates and polders, regular tidal water flooding in an unprotected area, the capillary rise of soluble salts, decreased surface water availability, lowered ground water table, reduced soil moisture content, the introduction of unplanned shrimp cultivation, lack of drainage facilities. Some of the widespread soil and land management techniques adopted in the saline areas of Bangladesh to cope with the salinity are polder (123), farm-pond (khamar-pokor), sarjan procedure, usage of raised shrimp farm bund for year-round cropping, mulching (keeping land covered in winter and summer months), land leveling, pitcher (kolosh) irrigation to grow watermelon, dibbling method, the addition of organic matter, chemical fertilizers and cultivation of saline tolerant crop varieties, particularly rice. Vol. 10, No. 1, April 2023: 1-7
The sowing of wheat can be delayed in Bangladesh because of the late harvesting of previous crops.Under late-sown conditions, heat stress results in poor development of wheat, which may be avoided by seed priming techniques.The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of several seed priming methods for boosting wheat growth and yield when sown late.In this regard, from December 2019 to March 2020, a field investigation was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University.The experiment comprised three factors, Factor A: wheat variety namely, BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-33; Factor B: sowing dates such as 01 December 2019, 15 December 2019, and 30 December 2019; Factor C: Method of seed priming namely, control (no priming), priming with 20,000 ppm calcium chloride and priming with 20,000 ppm potassium chloride.With three replications, the experiment was set up using a split-split plot design.Research revealed that seed priming was generally effective in promoting plant growth, spikes number m -2 , grains spike -1 , thousand-grain weight, and grain yield.Both potassium chloride and calcium chloride performed significantly similar.As BARI Gom-33 is more resistant to heat stress, it outperformed BARI Gom-27 in terms of spike length and grains spike -1 .However, BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-33 performed quite similarly and wheat yield decreased gradually with the delay of sowing due to temperature stress.A clear advantage of seed priming was found in increasing grain yield at all sowing dates.Therefore, it is recommended to sow wheat by 15 November following seed priming and in case of delay sowing seed priming is a must to mitigate the temperature stress to some extent.
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