Severe path-loss and small wavelength makes the D-band (110–170 GHz) antenna design, fabrication, integration and measurement challenging. This paper presents a novel antenna design using a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) process. By optimizing unequal antenna row spacing, row-to-row shift and different unit-cell parameters, the proposed patch antenna array is capable of 45-degree slant polarization. The designed impedance/length matching components can support both wire-bonding and flip-chip antenna integration techniques, which are compatible with different chip pitch dimensions. The boresight realized gain of a 32-channel array is 26.7 dBi at 140 GHz with a 3-dB realized gain bandwidth from 136.5 to 146.4 GHz. The simulated scanning range is $\pm 45^{\circ}$ . Therefore, the proposed antenna array maintains high gain, wide gain bandwidth and moderate beam steering angle with low-cost, low-complexity and easy fabrication.
<p><span>This paper describes the design and implementation of Hardware in the Loop (HIL) system D.C. motor based wind turbine emulator for the condition monitoring of wind turbines. Operating the HIL system, it is feasible to replicate the actual operative conditions of wind turbines in a laboratory environment. This method simply and cost-effectively allows evaluating the software and hardware controlling the operation of the generator. This system has been implemented in the LabVIEW based programs by using Advantech- USB-4704-AE Data acquisition card. This paper describes all the components of the systems and their operations along with the control strategies of WTE such as Pitch control and MPPT. Experimental results of the developed simulator using the test rig are benchmarked with the previously verified WT test rigs developed at the Durham University and the University of Manchester in the UK by using the generated current spectra of the generator. Electric subassemblies are most vulnerable to damage in practice, generator-winding faults have been introduced and investigated using the terminal voltage. This wind turbine simulator can be analyzed or reconfigured for the condition monitoring without the requirement of actual WT’s.</span></p>
We discuss the application of a novel class of device, the magneto-electric magnetic tunnel junction (ME-MTJ) to realize a variety of computational functions, including majority logic and the XNOR/XOR gate. We also develop a compact model to describe the operation of these devices, which function by utilizing the phenomenon of 'voltage-controlled magnetism' to switch the operational state of MTJs. The model breaks down the switching process into three key stages of operation: electrical-to-magnetic conversion, magnetization transfer, and final-state readout. Estimates for the switching energy and delay of these devices, obtained from this compact model, reveal significant improvements in both of these parameters when compared to conventional MTJs switched by spin-transfer-torque. In fact, the capacity to use the ME-MTJ to implement complex logical operations within a single device allows its energy costs to even approach those of low-power CMOS. The added benefits of non-volatility and compact circuit footprint, combined with their potential for heterogeneous integration with CMOS, make the ME devices of considerable interest for post-CMOS technology.
The objective of this research paper is the simulation modeling of wind turbine emulator (WTE), which is essential to make a test rig for Condition monitoring of wind turbine generator (WTG). Wind turbine characteristics are emulated by means of D.C machine. Further, the characteristics of wind turbine based on simulation results are discussed followed by a comprehensive discussion on the similarity of these characteristics with those of a D.C motor along with characteristics curves. The results and observations obtained in the present research verify the capability of WTE to vary the D.C motor torque as the replica of wind turbine rotor torque. The developed WTE allows a wind energy conversion system to be analyzed without the need of a real wind turbine.
We present a D-band power amplifier (PA), implemented in Teledyne (TSC)-250-nm InP technology, that produces 27.2dBm output power and 14.9% associated PAE at 150 GHz. The measured saturated output power exceeds 26 dBm over 126–150 GHz. The output stage power-combines sixteen $f4-\mu \mathrm{m}$ common-base cells, each having capacitive series feedback that increases the real part of the input impedance, reducing inter-stage matching losses. Each power cell is independently biased by an adaptive bias network that prevents thermal runaway and increases bias currents with increased RF power to maintain nearly constant gain. The IC consumes 3 mm2.
A compact and dual-band circularly polarized antenna with resonant frequency of 5.8GHz(ISM) and 7.6 GHz is proposed for biomedical, satellite and specific UWB applications. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the antenna varies from 5.55 GHz to 5.94 GHz and 6.78 GHz to 8.78 GHz. The tilted arc-shaped radiator is used to perturb the current which is responsible for lower frequency band as well as circular polarization with the axial ratio extending from 5.77 GHz to 5.93 GHz, which covers 41% of the lower frequency band. The antenna is analyzed for wearable applications on a three-layer skin phantom model and the SAR value obtained is 0.2 W/Kg with Source power of 10mW, which is below the maximum permissible limit of 1.6W/Kg.
A compact, spectacle-shaped, tri-band, metamaterial inspired antenna is designed for ISM, WiMax, WLAN, Wi-Fi 6E 6 GHz, Aeronautical Radio navigation, and Radio-Location Applications.The radiating electrical length is modified by two successive CSRR structures to mitigate the current and create a band notch at 3.9 GHz as well as 5.5 GHz.The proposed prototype is designed on low cost FR-4 material.Antenna performance parameters are investigated on a four-layered phantom model.The results obtained reveal that the antenna works well on free space as well as at the close proximity to human tissues.
Abstract A compact, circularly polarized, CPW-fed antenna is proposed for wearable applications in ISM Band (5.8 GHz). The antenna is based on DGS, where the ground plane is responsible for impedance matching. The 10 dB impedance of the proposed antenna varies from 5.39 GHz to 5.94 GHz. The circular stub introduced in the ground plane mitigates the surface current and enriches the 3 dB axial ratio from 5.73 GHz to 5.92 GHz. Proposed antenna exhibits the LHCP and RHCP pattern of circular polarization, the antenna can effectively work for biomedical and wearable applications. The antenna is analyzed on the skin phantom model and the SAR value obtained is 1.218 W/kg, which is below the maximum permissible level. The proposed antenna is also used for the detection of breast tumors.
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