Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) analyzes the terminal voltage and total current to offer comprehensive appliance-specific consumption data. Many state-of-the-art NILM models make a crucial assumption that recognized devices within the training set are responsible for triggering switching events. However, continuous addition of new devices diminishes the practical efficacy of existing methods for load monitoring. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel approach based on the Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) to address the challenge of classifying familiar appliances and identifying unfamiliar ones by leveraging V-I trajectory characteristics. In our proposed approach, during the training phase, we promote the alignment of capsule features belonging to the same familiar class with a predefined Gaussian distribution, where each class has its own distribution. To achieve this, we adopt the variational autoencoder framework and utilize a collection of Gaussian priors as an estimate for the following distribution. By employing this approach, we can regulate the compactness of features belonging to the same class around the mean of the corresponding Gaussian distributions. This enables us to control the classifier's capability to identify samples from unfamiliar classes. Testing findings on the public dataset illustrate the efficiency of our approach.
Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Tectonics. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Late Quaternary slip-rates along the Moxi and Zheduotang segments of the SE Xianshuihe fault, eastern Tibet, and geodynamic implicationsAuthorsMarie-LuceChevalieriDmingkunbaiShiguangWangJiaweiPanPhilippe HervéLeloupiDAnneReplumazkaiyuliqiongwufucailiuHaibingLiJinjiangZhangSee all authors Marie-Luce ChevalieriDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-2456view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressmingkun baiInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressShiguang WangInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJiawei PanInstitute of Geologyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressPhilippe Hervé LeloupiDCNRS - Université Lyon1 - ENSiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-8772view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAnne ReplumazISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addresskaiyu liInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressqiong wuInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressfucai liuInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressHaibing LiInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJinjiang ZhangPeking Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Abstract Die atomgenaue Synthese von helikalen mehrschichtigen Nanographenen (NG) neuer Topologie ist aufgrund ihrer exotischen physikochemischen Eigenschaften von substanziellem Interesse. Allerdings ist die Synthese dieser Nanographene, speziell mit nicht benzoiden Ringen, äußerst herausfordernd. Wir präsentieren in diesem Artikel die effiziente Synthese des ersten helikalen zweischichtigen nichtbenzoiden Nanographens ( HBNG1 ) ausgehend von einem maßgeschneiderten Azulen‐Vorläufer, welcher bereits das neuartige Strukturelement zweier in [10]Helicen eingebetteter heptagonaler Ringe enthält. Die Einkristalldiffraktometrie gibt Einblick in die sterisch stark gespannte Doppelschichtstruktur mit einem Rekordwert für den kleinsten Interschichtabstand von nur 3.2 Å, in der Substanzklasse der doppelschichtigen Nanographene. Bemerkenswerterweise kommt es im Raum zwischen den Schichten zu π–π Wechselwirkungen. Wir untersuchten diesen Effekt durch in situ Spektroelektrochemie und Simulationen mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT). Des Weiteren wurden die chiroptischen Eigenschaften der P/M ‐Enantiomere von HBNG1 durch Zirkulardichroismus und zirkular polarisierter Fluoreszenz charakterisiert.
Abstract Das Forschungsinteresse an in polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAKs) eingebettete Azulene hat sich in den letzten Jahren signifikant erhöht, aber der Mangel an effizienten Synthesestrategien hemmt die Studien der Struktur‐Eigenschaftsbeziehungen sowie weiterer opto‐elektronischer Anwendungen. Wir berichten hier von einer neuen modularen Synthesestrategie für diverse Azulen‐eingebettete PAKs durch eine Tandem Suzuki Kupplung und basenvermittelte Kondensation des knoevenagel Typs in guten Ausbeuten und exzellenter struktureller Vielfalt. Die Substrate beinhalten nicht‐alternierende thiophenreiche PAKs, schmetterlings‐ und z‐förmige PAKs mit zwei Azuleneinheiten sowie das erste Beispiel zweier eingebetteter Azuleneinheiten, welche ein doppel‐[5]Helicen bilden. Die strukturelle Topologie, Aromatizität und die photophysischen Eigenschaften wurden per NMR Spektroskopie, Einkristallstrukturanalyse, UV/Vis Absorptionsspektroskopie sowie durch DFT Simulationen untersucht. Diese Strategie stellt eine neue Herangehensweise für die zügige Synthese bisher nicht erforschter, nicht‐alternierender PAKs oder Graphennanostreifen mit mehreren Azuleneinheiten dar.
Surface uplift, river incision, shear zone exhumation, and displacement along active faults have all interacted to shape the modern landscape in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The Ailao Shan-Red River fault, a major structure in the tectonic evolution of southeastern Asia, is an excellent recorder of these processes. We present new stratigraphic, structural, and low-temperature thermochronologic data to explore its late Cenozoic tectonic and geomorphic evolution. The stratigraphic and structural observations indicate that the major bend in the fault was a releasing bend with significant Miocene sedimentation in the early–middle Miocene but became a restraining bend with abundant shortening structures developed after the late Miocene reversal of displacement. We also document exhumation of the shear zone from two low-temperature thermochronologic transects. New apatite (U-Th)/He(AHe) data and published thermochronologic results reveal two accelerated cooling episodes, backed by stratigraphic and geomorphic observations. The first rapid cooling phase occurred from ca. 27 to 17 Ma with removal of cover rocks and exhumation of the shear zone. The second accelerated cooling episode revealed by our AHe data commenced at 14–13 Ma, lasting 2–3 Myr. The Ailao Shan range may have risen to its modern elevation with high-relief topography developing due to river incision. We interpret the onset of this rapid exhumation to reflect renewed plateau growth associated with lower crustal flow.
Abstract:The role of continent collisional belts in the global carbon budget remains controversial. Collisional orogens have traditionally been considered a net carbon sink, but recent studies have highlighted significant CO2 fluxes. This study carried out comprehensive field mapping, petrography, pressure-temperature determination, geochemistry, and geochronological data along three transects of the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) in the Mount Everest and Nyalam regions of the central Himalaya. The results outline a previously unrecognized carbon source in the Himalaya: Buchan-type metamorphic decarbonation of carbonate-bearing lithologies in the migrating hanging-wall of the STDS driven by the juxtaposition against hot migmatite/magma in the footwall of the structure. Specifically, calc-silicates and schists incorporated into the active STDS underwent Buchan-type metamorphic overprinting at P-T conditions of 630–400°C and 5–3 kbar (36–48°C/km) compared to Barrovian-type metamorphism (28°C/km) in the footwall. Monazite and titanite U(-Th)-Pb petrochronology indicate that metamorphism within the STDS occurred between ca. 23 and 19 Ma, which is contemporaneous with deformation along the STDS evidenced by the ages of mylonitized leucogranites. Activity along the STDS sustained to 17–16 Ma, causing resetting of titanite U-Pb ages in some calc-silicates. Detrital zircon geochronology shows that the Yellow Band and North Col Formation in the STDS have an affinity to the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence and were involved in the shear zone during its upward expansion into hanging-wall rocks. Based on decarbonation reactions, protolith restoration, and decarbonation efficiency studies, the metamorphic CO2 degassing from the metamorphism of calc-silicate rocks is quantified to be ~0.8 Mt C/yr during 23–19 Ma. The quantification of upward expansion of the STDS, the resulting juxtaposition of underlying hot migmatites/magma with cold hanging wall-rocks, and the proposed metamorphic decarbonation phenomenon are crucial to understanding the development process of orogen-scale low-angle normal-sense faulting and the resulting carbon sources during Himalayan orogenesis.
Determining an age framework for Precambrian crystalline rocks and associated granulite-facies metamorphism of the inner blocks in the North China Craton (NCC) is important for determining the tectonic setting and evolution of the craton during the Neoarchaean–Palaeoproterozoic. The Eastern Hebei terrane (EHT), located in the Eastern Block of the NCC, is composed of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic (TTG) gneisses and potassium-rich granitoids, along with rafts of supracrustal rocks that are intruded by basic dikes. TTG gneisses in the EHT yield crystallization ages of 2516–2527 Ma. The oldest age of inherited zircons from a mylonitic TTG gneiss is ~2918 Ma. Granulite-facies supracrustal metamorphic rocks in the Zunhua high-grade meta-greenstone belt indicate an andesitic/basaltic protolith that was formed at ~2498 Ma. A syn-deformational granite in the Jinchangyu greenschist-facies shear zone yields a crystallization age of ~2474 Ma. Metamorphism of the supracrustal rocks and mylonitic greenschist took place at ~2461 and ~2475 Ma, respectively. Rare earth elements (REE) patterns and slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies indicate that the magmatic precursors of the supracrustal rocks might be derived from partial melting of a sub-arc mantle wedge and metasomatized by fluids derived from a subducting slab. These rocks plot in the island arc basalts (IAB) field on a La/Nb vs. La diagram, further supporting this interpretation. The microstructures of a garnet–two-pyroxene granulite indicate an approximately clockwise P-T path. The crystallization ages of the TTG gneisses represent periods of the major crustal growth in the NCC, and the granulite- and greenschist-facies metamorphism indicates an orogenic event that involved crustal thickening at ~2.47 Ga.
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