Pathological stage and grade have limited ability to predict the outcomes of superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma at initial transurethral resection (TUR). AT-motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) is a tumor suppressive transcription factor that is normally localized to the nucleus but has been detected in the cytoplasm in several cancers. Here, we examined the diagnostic value of the intracellular localization of ATBF1 as a marker for the identification of high risk urothelial bladder carcinoma.Seven anti-ATBF1 antibodies were generated to cover the entire ATBF1 sequence. Four human influenza hemagglutinin-derived amino acid sequence-tagged expression vectors with truncated ATBF1 cDNA were constructed to map the functional domains of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) with the consensus sequence KR[X10-12]K. A total of 117 samples from initial TUR of human bladder carcinomas were analyzed. None of the patients had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before pathological evaluation.ATBF1 nuclear localization was regulated synergistically by three NLSs on ATBF1. The cytoplasmic fragments of ATBF1 lacked NLSs. Patients were divided into two groups according to positive nuclear staining of ATBF1, and significant differences in overall survival (P = 0.021) and intravesical recurrence-free survival (P = 0.013) were detected between ATBF1+ (n = 110) and ATBF1- (n = 7) cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that ATBF1 staining was an independent prognostic factor for intravesical recurrence-free survival after adjusting for cellular grading and pathological staging (P = 0.008).Cleavage of ATBF1 leads to the cytoplasmic localization of ATBF1 fragments and downregulates nuclear ATBF1. Alterations in the subcellular localization of ATBF1 due to fragmentation of the protein are related to the malignant character of urothelial carcinoma. Pathological evaluation using anti-ATBF1 antibodies enabled the identification of highly malignant cases that had been overlooked at initial TUR. Nuclear localization of ATBF1 indicates better prognosis of urothelial carcinoma.
Abstract Das Pyridiniumchlorid (I) trimerisiert bei Behandlung mit Natronlauge zur Verbindung (II) und bildet in Gegenwart von Natriummethylat das Ylid (III), das mit der Nitrosoverbindung (IV) unter Bildung von (V) gespalten wird.
Abstract The reaction between nitrosobenzene and hydrazine was studied. Aniline and nitrogen were found to be the products, but it was not certain whether or not phenyltriazene existed as an intermediate. Then the reaction between nitrosobenzene and phenylhydrazine was studied. The products were azoxybenzene, diphenylamine, benzene and nitrogen. The reaction between p-nitrosotoluene and phenylhydrazine yielded 4, 4′-azoxy toluene, 4-methyldiphenylamine, benzene and nitrogen. The mechanisms of these reactions were discussed on the basis of these findings.
Abstract Reactions between 1-benzyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium chloride(1) and several nucleophiles were investigated by use of 13C-NMR spectroscopy.The reaction with OH\ominus in EtOH–H2O yielded a trimer of the deprotonated 1, and the positions 4 and 6 were the ring-connecting sites. The MeO in MeOH removed a benzyl proton, and yielded an N-ylide. The meS\ominus in H2O added -at the position 4. The reaction with HgO and Et2NH resulted in the oxidation at the position 2, yielding a pyridone.
BACKGROUND: To overcome the unfavorable issues associated with conventional anti-adhesive HA/CMC film, we developed an anti-adhesive thermally cross-linked gelatin film. OBJECTIVE: We tried to clarify the re-attachability of the film and the required properties concerning the film thickness, stiffness and anti-adhesion effect. METHODS: To determine the optimal thickness, 5 kinds of the thickness of gelatin film and the conventional film were analyzed by the tensile test, shearing test, buckling test and tissue injury test. Finally, using the optimal film thickness, we tried to clarify the anti-adhesion effect of the reattached film. RESULTS: The tensile and shearing test showed gelatin films ≥30 μm thick had greater tensile strength and a smaller number of film fractures, than the conventional film. The buckling and tissue injury test showed gelatin films ≥60 μm thick had higher buckling strength and worse injury scores than the conventional film. The anti-adhesive effect of re-attached gelatin film using optimal thickness (30–40 μm) found the anti-adhesion score was significantly better than that of the control. CONCLUSIONS: Provided it has an optimal thickness, gelatin film can be reattached with enough physical strength not to tear, safety stiffness not to induce tissue injury, and a sufficient anti-adhesion effect.
Abstract Bei der Zugabe von Na‐nitrit zu dem Diazoniumsalz (II) in DMSO bilden sich spontan Phenylradikale, wie aus den Orientierungs‐ und Partialreaktionsgeschwindigkeitsfaktoren der Phenylierung der Benzole (I) zu den o‐, m‐ und p‐Isomeren (III) folgt.
