Medical image affine registration is a crucial basis before using deformable registration. The tra-ditional affine registration methods based on step-by-step optimization are very time-consuming,so these methods are not compatible with most real-time medical applications. Therefore, theevolution of real-time affine medical image registration algorithms is necessary for registrationapplications. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based coarse-to-fine global and localfeature fusion architecture for fast affine registration, and we use an unsupervised approach forend-to-end training. We use multiscale convolutional kernels as our elemental convolutionalblocks to enhance feature extraction. Then, to learn the long-range spatial relationships, wepropose a new affine registration framework with weighted global positional attention that fusesglobal feature mapping and local feature mapping. Moreover, the fusion regressor is designed togenerate the affine parameters. We validate the effectiveness of our method on the OASIS datasetwith 414 3D MRI brain maps. Comprehensive results demonstrate that our method achievesstate-of-the-art affine registration performance and very efficient runtimes.
Despite the excellent performance of Nb3O7(OH) in dye-sensitized solar cells and catalysis, its charge separation, transport, and structural properties remain poorly understood. Herein, the Nb3O7(OH) nanorods were prepared, and their structural characteristics, optoelectronic properties, and carrier mobility were also analyzed and investigated through a series of complex characterizations. Theoretical prediction suggested that the exciton binding energy of Nb3O7(OH) could be as high as 100.49 meV. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of Nb3O7(OH) nanorods revealed two activation energies, and a higher proportion of long-lived components observed in the photoluminescence decay indicated effective electron trapping. That is, two energy states were present, hindering photogenerated charge recombination and promoting photocatalytic action. Current–voltage characteristics of the Nb3O7(OH) nanorod film were analyzed, revealing an ultrahigh carrier mobility of ∼310 cm2/V·s, ensuring fast and efficient electron transfer. Furthermore, Nb3O7(OH) nanorods were employed to reduce CO2, resulting in the effective production of CO and CH4. Overall, considering the presence of hydroxyl pairs on the surface of Nb3O7(OH), which facilitate the formation of the frustrated Lewis acid–base pairs and the activation of CO2, together with its effective electron trapping and charge transport, give Nb3O7(OH) nanorods a promising potential for CO2 reduction.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
By overcoming interspecies differences and mimicking the in vivo microenvironment, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro corneal models have become a significant novel tool in contemporary ophthalmic disease research. However, existing 3D corneal models struggle to replicate the actual human corneal environment, especially the dome-shaped physiological structure with adjustable curvature. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces a straightforward method for fabricating collagen/chitosan-alginate eyeball-shaped gel microspheres with a Janus structure via a two-phase aqueous system, used subsequently to construct in vitro 3D corneal epithelial tissue models. By adjusting the diameter ratio of collagen/chitosan to alginate droplets, we can create eyeball-shaped gel microspheres with varying curvatures. Human corneal epithelial cells were seeded on the surfaces of these microspheres, leading to the formation of in vitro 3D corneal epithelial tissues characterized by dome-like multilayers and tight junctions. Additionally, the model demonstrated responsiveness to UVB exposure through the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory factors. Therefore, we believe that in vitro 3D corneal epithelial tissue models with dome-shaped structures hold significant potential for advancing ophthalmic research.
Superhydrophobic coatings on iron surface have a wide application potential in medical instruments, chemical industrial equipment, and house construction. In this work, we developed a multi-functional superhydrophobic coating on iron surface with a high air/water contact angle of 162.3° and a low sliding angle of 2.4°. The construction of superhydrophobic coating involves physical friction processing to fabricate micropatterns and structures, followed by annealing treatment and surface chemical modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluoro-n-octyltrimethoxysilane. The obtained organic-inorganic composite material exhibited considerable optimization potential to anti-condensation performance. The low surface energy of the superhydrophobic coating also leads to poor adhesion of water, dust, and blood platelets, which is beneficial for applications in medical devices. The electrochemical and impedance test results demonstrated that the superhydrophobic surface provided effective corrosion protection for the iron substrate, with an 84.63% increase in corrosion protection efficiency. The experimental results showed that the anti-bacterial ratios reached 90% for E. coli and 85% for S. epidermidis, while the anti-bacterial ratios of ordinary iron were only 8% for E. coli and 15% for S. epidermidis, respectively.
The ultraviolet (UV) photoconductance properties of a single hexagonal WO3 nanowire have been studied systematically. The conductance of WO3 nanowires is very sensitive to ultraviolet B light and a field-effect transistor (FET) nanodevice incorporating a single WO3 nanowire exhibits excellent sensitivity, reversibility, and wavelength selectivity. A high photoconductivity gain suggests that WO3 nanowires can be used as the sensing element for UV photodetectors. Measurements under UV light in vacuum show that the adsorption and desorption of oxygen molecules on the surface of the WO3 nanowire can significantly influence its photoelectrical properties. The WO3 nanowires have potential applications in biological sensors, optoelectronic devices, optical memory, and other areas.
The current pulsation is one of effective manners to contract and thus stiffen plasma cutting arc. The present work develops a novel pulsed arc system for precision plasma cutting, by paralleling the ultrasonic-frequency pulse generator with conventional plasma cutting power supply. The implementation of the system is introduced, and then its electrical and vibration characteristics are investigated in detail. Cutting experimental results finally show that the pulsed arc process can improve plasma cut quality obviously while increasing the electrode life, and thus demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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