In our study was followed occurrence of staphylococcal mastitis in herd of 350 sheep during one lactation season. We found, the bacteria S. schleiferi was identified in 88 from all 204 isolates. In high number were identified also S. caprae (33), S. chromogenes (21), S. aureus (19), S. epidermidis (17), respectively. Important was occurrence S. intermedius, S. simulans, S. xylosus a S. warneri, too. The Staphylococcuss spp. caused latent and subclinical forms of mastitis predominantly, showed into subacute mastitis (26.5%). Acute mastitis was determined in 7.8 %. Eight bacteria S. aureus, two S. chromogenes, and two S. epidermidis produced staphylococcal enterotoxins.
Zusammenfassung Ziel Das vermehrte Auftreten von Ketose in der Transitphase bei Milchkühen verursacht hohe ökonomische Verluste. Die frühzeitige Identifizierung betroffener Tiere bereits im subklinischen Stadium ermöglicht, die Erkrankungshäufigkeit zu reduzieren und Verluste zu vermeiden. Ziel der Studie war, die Eignung eines mobilen Testgeräts zur Analyse der Betahydroxybutyrat-Konzentration (BHB-Konzentration) in der praktischen Anwendung zu prüfen. Darüber hinaus sollten die mit diesem Gerät gemessenen BHB-Konzentrationen mit denen verglichen werden, die mit einer Laborreferenzmethode aus dem Blut der V. jugularis ermittelt wurden. Material und Methoden Bei 81 Milchkühen wurde zu 7 Zeitpunkten (14 und 7 Tage a. p. sowie 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 Tage p. p.) Blut für die Analyse der BHB-Konzentration entnommen. Zur Messung im Labor mit einer kinetisch-enzymatischen Methode diente Blut aus der V. jugularis und V. oder A. coccygea mediana, zur Messung mit dem Gerät WellionVet BELUA Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana sowie Kapillarblut (gewonnen am Übergang der Haut zur Schleimhaut an der Vulva). Ergebnisse Anfängliche Anwendungsfehler bei der Bedienung des Geräts konnten mit Training abgestellt werden. Bei den Analyseergebnissen im Labor lagen die BHB-Konzentrationen aus dem Blut der V. jugularis um 0,07 mmol/l niedriger als die in Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana. Die mit dem Testgerät ermittelten BHB-Konzentrationen in Proben der V. oder A. coccygea mediana lagen um 0,13 mmol/l niedriger und die im Kapillarblut um 0,12 mmol/l niedriger als die im Labor aus dem Blut der V. jugularis gemessenen. Die mit dem Testgerät gemessenen BHB-Konzentrationen differierten zwischen den beiden Entnahmelokalisationen nicht signifikant. Schlussfolgerung Für die Kapillarblutentnahme eignet sich die Lokalisation am Übergang von Haut zu Schleimhaut an der Vulva. Das Gerät WellionVet BELUA liefert sofort Ergebnisse mit guter Übereinstimmung zwischen den Messwerten in Proben von verschiedenen Blutentnahmeorten wie auch im Vergleich zur Laboranalyse. Das Testsystem ist zur Anwendung in Milchviehbetrieben geeignet. Als Matrix kann sowohl Kapillarblut als auch Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana empfohlen werden.
The aim of this study was to monitor trace metals (copper, iron and zinc) concentrations in parenchymatous organs and muscle tissue of red deer (n=23) and roe deer (n=25) that were hunted down in the middle Gemer region in south central Slovakia. Being expressed in mg kg–1 in all cases, these concentrations assumed the following values: mean renal copper concentration in red deer was 4.36, hepatic 19.65, muscle 1.96; renal iron concentration was 72.5, hepatic 131.9, muscle 45.09; mean zinc concentration in kidney was 27.77, in liver 30.22 and in muscle 29.58 , respectively. In roe deer, mean level of copper in kidney was 4.83, in the liver 26.4, in muscle tissue 2.1; mean concentration of iron in kidney was 66.69, in liver 122.83, in muscle tissue 49.07; mean concentration of zinc in kidney was 27.34, in liver 29.76, and in muscle tissue 24.37, respectively. Concentration of metals under study in different age groups showed that the values rose proportionally with age except for zinc concentration, where the highest Zn concentrations were detected in muscle of young animals. In other trace metal levels no significant differences were detected between age groups, males or females. Based on the given results, the Revuca district does not show itself as the most polluted region considering surveyed heavy metals, but nevertheless the presented results document that the presence of heavy metals in the tissues of game is still an interesting object for the next studies.
The aim of this study was to compare three on-farm commercial methods for the indirect detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows: the California mastitis test (CMT), the Porta side somatic cell count milk test (Porta SCC), and the DeLaval cell counter (DCC), with the Fossomatic cell count (FSCC), and to evaluate the relationship between the determined somatic cell count SCC and the occurrence of intramammary pathogens in the milk of dairy cows. A total of 284 sensory unchanged mixed milk samples, collected during the milking on a dairy farm, were analyzed in this study for somatic cell counts by the mentioned on-farm tests. Quarter milk samples (n = 583) from all the selected cows were cultured. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the three indirect commercial diagnostic tests (the CMT, the Porta SCC, and the DeLaval cell counter) were calculated, and the FSCC was used as the gold standard. The results were analyzed statistically using the Pearson correlation test and the paired t-test. The CMT matched with the FSCC in 83.1% of the samples, with the Porta SCC in 80.6%, and with the DCC in 80.3% of the samples. The sensitivity and specificity reached 81.0% and 92.9% for the CMT, 79.4% and 90.7% for the Porta SCC, and 75.8% and 97.5% for the DCC, respectively. The correlation between the FSCC and the Porta SCC was 0.86 (p < 0.0001), and between the FSCC and the DCC, it was 0.92 (p < 0.0001). The differences between them were insignificant. Bacteria were detected in 130 (22.3%) quarter milk samples. The most prevalent bacteria were Enterococcus spp. (36.2%), followed by E. coli (20%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (13.1%), A. viridans (9.2%), Streptococcus spp. (9.2%), Proteus spp. (6.2%), and S. intermedius (3.9%). Contagious isolates (S. aureus) were detected in 3 quarter milk samples (2.3%). The agreement between the individual tests and the microbiological culture was as follows: 69.2% for the CMT; 73.7% for the Porta SCC; 71.6% for the DCC; and 76.5% for the FSCC. Higher SCCs were detected in the milk samples contaminated with bacteria than in the healthy milk (p < 0.001). No significance was found between the presence of individual species of intramammary pathogens and the different levels of SCCs. Based on the results, bacteria are the predominant cause of subclinical mastitis. The increased SCC of some milk samples with no presence of bacteria meant that the increase could have been caused by numerous other agents (viruses, fungi, or algae) or factors for mastitis in the dairy industry.
The goal of this study was to compare and evaluate the protein profiles of healthy cows and cows diagnosed with left displaced abomasum (LDA) (at the first phase of lactation). Cows were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia (UVMP) between 2018 and 2020. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to an EDTA tube from 26 cows, 13 healthy ones and 13 diagnosed with LDA. Biochemical indices were determined in a UVMP laboratory and included total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea and total immunoglobulins. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 and two-tailed Student’s t -test. The mean value of total protein was 75.38 ± 14.93 g/l, and 77.84 ± 10.97 g/l for control group and for LDA affected cows, respectively. The mean albumin concentration for the control group was 37.27 ± 6.02 g/l, while for LDA group it was 32.84 ± 8.7 g/l. The mean creatinine and urea concentrations were 99.72 ± 66.88 µmol/l and 4.44 ± 4.47 mmol/l, respectively, in the control group, and 91.67 ± 25.44 µmol/l and 5.09 ± 2.65 mmol/l, respectively, in cows diagnosed with LDA. Total immunoglobulins were at the level of 37.13 ± 7.65 zinc sulphate turbidity test (ZST) in healthy cows whereas LDA group had 32.8 ± 5.2 ZST. Although the difference was not significant ( P > 0.05), protein profiles varied between healthy cows and cows diagnosed with LDA. Further research is needed to determine the differences in protein profiles between groups of larger numbers of individuals.
A Simmental dairy cattle, aged seven years old, was presented with a history of foul smelling discharge from the external genitalia.According to the history, during the latest parturition the foetus had died in the uterus and was partially removed, but parts of the foetus had remained in the uterus for the following fourteen months.Gynaecological examination confirmed an open cervix.Trans-rectal palpation and ultrasound examination revealed extension, thickening and tension of the uterine wall and the presence of putrid parts of the foetus in the uterus.Attempts to remove the foetus by prostaglandin injections were futile, hence left side low flank hysterotomy was performed under cranial epidural anaesthesia and local infiltration anaesthesia.The foetal bones were removed and the other pathological contents were also removed.The cow gained weight and could subsequently be sent for slaughter.It was concluded that left flank hysterotomy can be useful for removal of macerated foetus from cows.
The aim of this study is to evaluate our experience in the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients treated with simple closure and postoperative H2-antagonist. Majority of patients (84%) were expatriates. Average age was 34.5 years. No associated medical conditions were reported in any of them. Five patients presented 24 hours after perforation and were in shock. The morbidity was 12%, while there was no death reported. Average hospital stay was 7.4 days. Forty one patients were followed-up for one month to 17 months with no clinical evidence of ulcer recurrence. Conclusion: Simple closure and H2-antagonist resolve peptic ulcer disease with very low morbidity and mortality. IN addition, experience showed that conservative treatment may be appropriate for a selected group pf patients where general condition is not deteriorating
The objective of this study was to assess the udder health in lame dairy cows. The study was performed on 35 dairy cows which were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants. The most frequent claw diseases were white line abscess (28.6%) and toe necrosis (28.6%), followed by digital dermatitis (17.1%), toe ulcers (14.3%), and sole ulcers (11.4%). The prevalence of mastitis in lame cows was 74.3% (26); clinical mastitis was detected in 5 (19.2%) and subclinical mastitis in 21 (80.8%) dairy cows. Distribution of mastitis was similar in terms of front (52.54%) and rear quarters (47.46%). For statistical analyses of mastitis grade in lame dairy cows, a six-point Mastitis Score was created based on physical examination of the mammary gland and results of California Mastitis Test. The Mastitis Score tended to be higher in cows with corium inflammation than in those with digital dermatitis (10.0 and 6.5, respectively). Microbiological culture of 24 positive milk samples was performed and intra-mammary pathogens were isolated in 18 (75%) samples. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (50%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (16.7%), Proteus spp. (11.1%), and Aerococcus viridians (11.1%). Of the total bacteria, contagious pathogens were determined in two milk samples (11.1%). In conclusion, high prevalence of mastitis was detected in lame cows suffering from claw diseases without a significant effect of the type of claw diseases on the mastitis grade. Moreover, the dominating isolation of environmental pathogens may be a result of longer lying period of animals affected with lameness.
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