Background Obesity is a serious on public health.It contributes in many serious health conditions including high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, high blood pressure, gallbladder disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems … etc. Polymorphism of TA (rs9939609) in fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene was found to be associated with obesity in children and adults according to many studies conducted on populations from Europe, America and Asia.Whether Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 is an associated with obesity in Iraqi population remains of concern. ObjectiveTo investigate the polymorphism of rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene and its relationship to the obese males in Iraqi population. MethodsOne hundred twenty of males were classified as obese based on body mass index (BMI) with mean age 20-50 year and fifty aged-matched healthy males as a control were included in this study.Lipid profile was estimated by using Spinreact-Сє, and an ELISA kit was used to assess the FTO level. ResultsThe results showed that there are significant differences P ≤ 0.05 for AA genotype with all parameters whereas TA genotype showed significant differences with most of parameters in revers to TT genotype, which has showed no significant differences with most of parameters.The percentage of TT, TA, AA, alleles were 27.72%, 49.86%, 22.42% respectively, also an elevated of TT genotype frequency was observed in healthy compared to obese.On the other hand, the percentage of T and A allele frequency were 52.65% and 47.35% respectively.Also, an elevated in serum FTO enzyme level was observed in obese. ConclusionThe presence of A risk allele in the Iraqi population is the cause in the incidence of obesity, which reflected its impact on the BMI and central obesity through the disturbances in lipid profile and FTO enzymes value.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Recent studies and modern genome-wide association study(GWAS) describe that the associations between breast cancer and polymorphisms in genes are involved in xenobiotic detoxification (Balmukhanov et al., 2013). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a multigene family of phase-II metabolic enzymes, are active in the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 7 (2015) pp. 455-465 http://www.ijcmas.com
Abstract One of the phase II enzymes that are responsible for detoxification of the body are Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Type and frequency of polymorphism of GSTs differ among the population. The current paper was designed to detect the polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 genes among the Iraqi population, and the results were compared with other population. Data will be collected in the future to obtain a genetic map of the Iraqi population. To our knowledge, this study is the first done on the Iraqi population. In this study blood samples were collected from 110 healthy individuals (51 males and 59 females) aged between 15-50 years. The presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was identified by multiplex-PCR. In addition, PCR-RFLP was used to detect polymorphism of GSTP1 (Ile105Val) and GSTA1 (A*/B*). The study revealed the frequencies of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 (Ile105Val), and GSTA1 A*/B* were 34.55%, 25.45%, 45.46%, and 41.82% respectively. The most frequently observed combinations were GSTM1 Present/GSTT1 Present/Ile/Val/A*/A* (18.18%). For the first time in Iraq by this study, four sequences were recorded in NCBI under the following accession numbers LC081235.1, LC090205.1, LC081236.1, and LC090206.1. These findings provide us the basic data for genotypes distribution and allele frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 in the Iraqi population, and this is open a new prospect for further investigations by researchers in identifying differences between individuals in the genetic susceptibility of various diseases caused by environmental gene, rather than depending on results obtained from other populations.
Cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and ranks the second most common cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. Chemotherapy is able to kill some cancer cells especially the more rapidly replicating tumor cells, but they were nonspecific, characterized by low therapeutic index and associated with a wide range of side effects. Therefore the anticancer field still searching for treatments to avoid these side effects. The in vitro method was used to investigate the effect of pure sodium valproate on four types of tumor cell lines (HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line, Passages 18-25), Rhabdomyosarcoma ( RD, at 75 passages), Ahmad-Majeed- Glioblastoma-Multiform-2005 (AMGM-5, human cerebral glioblastoma multiform at passages 75-84), Ahmed-Mohammed-Nahi-2003 (AMN-3, spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma at 158 passages) and normal cell line Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF, at 87 passages)) in different concentrations and at different exposure times by MTT assay. The results showed that sodium valproate induced dose- dependent cytotoxic effects against all the tested cell lines. These effect could be attributed to different mechanisms. Accordingly, sodium valproate should be considered as a good alternative therapy.
This is the first study to report on the isolation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two cross bred cows in Iraq. The cattle were seropositive by ELISA when selected while being surveyed for the detection of BLV. Among six cows, two were cases of persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Cytopathology was characterized by the formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) and cytoplasmic vacuoles. Moreover, the viruses produced clear plaques on the monolayer of the primary fetal calf kidney (FCK) cells. Inhibition of plaque formation by BLV-antisera suggested a diagnosis of BLV, which was further confirmed by PCR. Cells infected with the isolates were positive to a monoclonal antibody against the viral gp51 trans-membrane glycoprotein by immunocytochemistry. Both isolates replicated and induced cytopathic effects in bovine and human cell line cultures. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial gp51
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