Mass anxiety and panic, intensified by the use of psychic technologies, leads to maladaptation and maladaptive behavior of the individual and disorganization of society.States of altered consciousness arise spontaneously against the background of anxiety and panic and are risk factors for suicidal behavior.
Suicide is a serious public health problem. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to suicidal behavior is crucial for the development of effective preventive strategies. The study and identification of biomarkers will help in understanding the underlying processes or changes associated with suicide, however, studies linking biomarkers to suicide are limited and fragmented. Objective- To study the genetic associations of the polymorphic variant of the DRD2 gene (rs1800497) with forms of suicidal behavior in patients with alcohol dependence. Materials and methods: The association of polymorphic variants of the gene DRD2 (rs1800497) was analysed in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome, with a history of suicidal behavior and without it, living in the Republic of Bashkortostan, who were treated at the Republican Narco-logical Dispensary in the period from 2019 to 2021. Results: the presence of suicidal tendencies was detected in 39% of patients (136/344). 30% (42/136) were classified as patients with ex-ternal and internal forms of suicidal behavior, 70% (94/136) had only internal forms of suicidal behavior. Carriages of the CC and TT genotypes of the DRD2 gene (rs1800497) are characterized by a lower frequency of occurrence of all forms of suicidal behavior than carriages of СТ genotype. Also, carriages of the CC genotype of the DRD2 gene (rs1800497) are characterized by a lower frequency of occurrence of external forms of suicidal behavior than carriages of СТ and TT genotypes. Conclusions. The data we present indicate the possible contribution of genetic factors to the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome. There is a need for further research to explain the relationships between the circadian rhythm system, alcohol use disorders and suicidal behavior.
The article presents materials from Russian and foreign literature indicating the similarity between certain types of behavior in social networks and addictive behavior, as well as demonstrating the negative consequences of problematic use of social networks for the physical, mental and social well-being of users. Biological, personal and social factors predisposing to problematic use of social networks are considered. The data on the comorbidity of social media addiction with other types of addiction behavior and mental disorders, such as technological, eating, consumer addiction, depression, mania, anxiety disorder, episodes of psychotic-like experiences are presented.
Antipsychotic (AP)—induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a current problem of biological and clinical psychiatry. Despite the development of new generations of APs, the problem of AP-induced ADRs has not been solved and continues to be actively studied. One of the important mechanisms for the development of AP-induced ADRs is a genetically-determined impairment of AP efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We present a narrative review of publications in databases (PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science E-Library) and online resources: The Human Protein Atlas; GeneCards: The Human Gene Database; US National Library of Medicine; SNPedia; OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man; The PharmGKB. The role of 15 transport proteins involved in the efflux of drugs and other xenobiotics across cell membranes (P-gp, TAP1, TAP2, MDR3, BSEP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, MRP6, MRP7, MRP8, MRP9, BCRP) was analyzed. The important role of three transporter proteins (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1) in the efflux of APs through the BBB was shown, as well as the association of the functional activity and expression of these transport proteins with low-functional and non-functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/polymorphisms of the ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 genes, encoding these transport proteins, respectively, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic panel “Transporter protein (PT)—Antipsychotic (AP) Pharmacogenetic test (PGx)” (PTAP-PGx), which allows the evaluation of the cumulative contribution of the studied genetic biomarkers of the impairment of AP efflux through the BBB. The authors also propose a riskometer for PTAP-PGx and a decision-making algorithm for psychiatrists. Conclusions: Understanding the role of the transportation of impaired APs across the BBB and the use of genetic biomarkers for its disruption may make it possible to reduce the frequency and severity of AP-induced ADRs, since this risk can be partially modified by the personalized selection of APs and their dosing rates, taking into account the genetic predisposition of the patient with SSD.
Background: Delirium Tremens (DT) is known to be a serious complication of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Neurotransmitter abnormalities, inflammation, and increased permeability are associated with the pathogenesis of AWS and DT. However, the biomarkers of these conditions are still poorly understood. Methods: In this work, biochemical, hematologic, inflammatory, and gut permeability biomarkers were investigated in the following three groups: healthy controls (n = 75), severe AWS patients with DT (n = 28), and mild/moderate AWS without DT (n = 97). Blood sampling was performed after resolution of the acute condition (on 5 ± 1 day after admission) to collect clinical information from patients and to investigate associations with clinical scales. Biomarker analysis was performed using automated analyzers and ELISA. Inflammatory biomarkers included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Results: Among the biochemical biomarkers, only glucose, total cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) changed significantly in the analyzed groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that age and ALT were independent predictors of the CIWA-Ar score. Hematologic biomarker analysis showed an increased white blood cell count, and the elevated size and greater size variability of red blood cells and platelets (MCV, RDWc, and PDWc) in two groups of patients. Gut permeability biomarkers (FABP2, LBP, and zonulin) did not change, but were associated with comorbid pathologies (alcohol liver disease and pancreatitis). The increase in inflammatory biomarkers (ESR and PLR) was more evident in AWS patients with DT. Cluster analysis confirmed the existence of a subgroup of patients with evidence of high inflammation, and such a subgroup was more frequent in DT patients. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the understanding of biomarker variability in AWS patients with and without DT and support the heterogeneity of patients by the level of inflammation.
This article presents a non-systematic descriptive review of sleep disturbance problems in patients with alcohol dependence. A search was carried out in databases such as Google Scholar, ELibrary.ru, Scopus, PubMed. We considered works published no earlier than January 1, 2015, but no later than January 10, 2020. A search was carried out with the use of search queries of various combinations of the specified words: “alcohol use disorder,” “alcoholism”, “insomnia,” and others. After analyzing a number of publications, it is possible to conclude that the relationship between the described phenomena is synergetic with a mutual reinforcement. In the current review it is demonstrated that the risk of the development of alcoholism against the background of sleep disturbances might be related to the initial use of alcohol as a somnolent with further development of tolerance and alcoholism. At the same time, the severity of sleep disturbances quite often coincides with the severity of alcohol dependence. For those patients who are in a stage of remission sleep disturbances is a risk factor for relapse. This review clearly demonstrates that further research of the relationships between alcohol dependence and sleep disorders are needed.
Valproic acid (VPA) and its salts (sodium calcium magnesium and orotic) are psychotropic drugs that are widely used in neurology and psychiatry. The long-term use of VPA increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), among which metabolic syndrome (MetS) plays a special role. MetS belongs to a cluster of metabolic conditions such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein. Valproate-induced MetS (VPA-MetS) is a common ADR that needs an updated multidisciplinary approach to its prevention and diagnosis. In this review, we consider the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and the urinary biomarkers of VPA-MetS. These metabolic biomarkers may provide the key to the development of a new multidisciplinary personalized strategy for the prevention and diagnosis of VPA-MetS in patients with neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and addiction diseases.
Objective: to compare the severity of the relationship between mental state and insomnia of medical students working and not working as nurses. Materials and methods: research methods — sociological, psychometric, statistical. The study was conducted at the Bashkir State Medical University (BSMU) from February to April 2022. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms. Study group №1 — 172 students working as nurses. The proportion of males is 41 % (70/172), females — 59 % (102/172). The average age was 21-23 years. Study group № 1 — 66 non-working students. Among the studied 16.7 % (11/66) men, 83.3 % (55/66) women. The average age is 21-23 years. SCL-90-R (Symptom Check List-90-Revised), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used as methods. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA 10, Spearman correlation coefficient, U — Mann-whitney test. Results: the degree of manifestation of insomnia in the study group № 1 and № 2 positively correlates with both all SCL-90-R scales and second-order indices. when comparing the studied groups, it was found that the mental state of non-working students is more unstable, the quality of sleep is worse. Conclusions: the relationship between the mental state and insomniac disorders in medical students, both working as nurses and not working, has been established. we assume that students who do not work as nurses have low adaptive abilities, as a result of which their mental state is accompanied by more pronounced insomniac disorders.
