EL ATLAS DE LA SALUD EN DISCO FLEXIBLE ES RESULTADO DE UN TRABAJO CONJUNTO ENTRE LA SS, LA UNAM Y EL INEGI. LO ANTERIOR QUEDO DE MANIFIESTO EN LA PRESENTACION DE LA OBRA, EFECTUADA EL PASADO 13 DE OCTUBRE, EN LAS INSTALACIONES DEL INSTITUTO DE PSIQUIATRIA. EN EL ACTO, PARTICIPARON EL DOCTOR JESUS KUMATE, EL RECTOR JOSE SARUKHAN, JAIME SEPULVEDA AMOR Y EL DOCTOR GERARDO SUAREZ.
Abstract Porins isolated from Salmonella typhi have been demonstrated to protect against the challenge with this bacteria in mice. The mechanism has not been clarified, but could be associated with activation of both humoral and cellular immunity. In order to evaluate the induction of specific T cell responses, the lymphocytic proliferation to porins isolated from Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli was examined by 3 H‐thymidine incorporation assay in mice immunized with three different antigens: acetone‐killed S. typhimurium , its porins, or outer‐membrane proteins (OMPs) isolated from S. typhi. Higher proliferative responses were observed in mice immunized with porins and OMPs compared with those which received the acetone‐killed bacteria. Although cross‐reactivity was observed between porins, they were not mitogenic. Moreover, porins were able to activate T lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with S. typhi OMPs. These results suggest that T cell activation, through the release of lymphokines, may play a role in the induction of protective immunity with porins.
Rats immunized with T-dependent antigens revealed a greater specific IgA and IgM antibody response in females. There was no significant difference in the IgG antibody response. Quantitative differences in the IgA and IgM antibody response between males and females may be explained by genetics and hormonals factors. Greater IgA response in females may be another factor explaining the majority of female survival.
Two hundred and twenty-five Syrian golden hamsters were used. Twenty five of them served as the control group. All other hamsters were intradermal immunized, once a week for four weeks, with a mixture of amebic proteins, mixed with complete Freund adjuvant, obtained from 5 x 10(5) homogenized dead amebic trophozoites from five different strains. Each group of hamsters (five groups of 40 animals each) were immunized with one of the following strains: E. histolytica HM-531, HJ-1, HM1-IMSS, E. chattoni PM-4 and PM-5. All hamsters, including those from the control group, were later inoculated with 0.2 mL equivalent to 1 x 10(5) live trophozoites from the different strains grown in axenic TYI-S-33 medium. Inoculation was performed by direct injection into the liver. The hamsters were sacrificed eight days later and their livers examined. All non-immunized animals showed extensive gross hepatic nodular abscesses. The liver of immunized hamsters showed mild to moderate lesions: the histopathological striking feature was non-specific granulomata. It is concluded that the immunized animals inoculated with homologous stock showed protective immunity to amebic infections. In other cases, immunity was seen though they were inoculated with a heterologous stock.
Reported are the results of an analysis of mortality trends from diarrhoeal diseases among under-5-year-olds in Mexico between 1978 and 1993 in relation to the impact of education, basic sanitation, and selected medical care practices. The study period was divided into three stages; the first pre-dated the widespread application of oral rehydration therapy (ORT); the second, covered the implementation of a nationwide programme promoting ORT; and the third included additional measures, such as immunization and improvements in basic sanitation. Mortality rates decreased progressively, at an average of 1.8% per year in the first stage, 6.4% in the second, and 17.8% in the third. The importance of literacy campaigns for women and the promotion of ORT was confirmed. Both of these measures reduced mortality; however, a greater reduction resulted from a massive immunization campaign against measles and improvements in sanitation (expansion of the drainage and piped water systems, improved water chlorination procedure, and effective prohibition of the use of sanitary sewage for vegetable irrigation).