To further clarify the relationship between insulin and leptin, time course changes in plasma glucose, serum insulin and leptin levels were analyzed after subcutaneous administration of 100μg octreotide acetate in two insulinoma subjects. Octreotide acetate induced a prompt decrease in serum insulin level, accompanied with an increase in plasma glucose in both patients. Following the decrease in serum insulin level, serum leptin concentrations were profoundly decreased by 66% and 44%, 8-12 hrs after octreotide injection; that is, the concentrations decreased from 41.1 to 13.8ng/ml in patient 1, and from 17.5 to 9.8ng/ml in patient 2. Daily profiles of plasma glucose, serum insulin and leptin without octreotide administration did not show such alterations in these indexes in patient 1. These data show that circulating leptin may be susceptible to decline dependent on the decrease in serum insulin, suggesting that insulin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of leptin secretion in humans.
Durante os ultimos 25 anos, numerosos estudos tem sido efetuados visando a biocompatibilidade de materiais de uso medico-hospitalar. Isto se deve ao desenvolvimento de materiais destinados as proteses particularmente na area cardiovascular, o que motivou pesquisas relativas a problematica da compatibilidade entre superficies biologicas ou sinteticas e o sangue. O presente trabalho objetivou comparar a avaliacao da biocompatibilidade do pericardio bovino, um dos materiais mais empregados na fabricacao de valvulas cardiacas proteticas, apos tratamento com glutaraldeido e formaldeido, com o material sintetico conhecido como tricot de Dacron(R). Tanto fragmentos de pericardio submetidos a diferentes tratamentos, como os de Dacron(R) foram implantados subcutaneamente na regiao abdominal de ratos Wistar, por periodos de 1 a 3 meses. O exame de cortes histologicos obtidos por metodos convencionais evidenciou ausencia de biocompatibilidade principalmente para o pericardio tratado com formaldeido. Para o Dacron(R), foi constatado, comparativamente, uma perfeita biocompatibilidade. A cultura de celulas in vitro, com o uso de linhagens RC-IAL e Hela pelo metodo de revestimento com agar, foi empregada exclusivamente para o material de origem biologica e evidenciou um grau intenso de toxicidade associado ao residuo do agente de tratamento. Concluiu-se que existe a necessidade do aperfeicoamento da tecnica de lavagem da protese biologica antes da implantacao.
We propose a framework to explain the processing of the recognition of angry and happy facial expressions using item response theory (IRT). Without modifying the intensity, natural facial expressions were briefly presented to 72 participants in a categorical judgment experiment. The IRT analysis gave rise to the parameters "difficulty" and "consistency" for the judgment of the expressions. Then the relationship between facial features and these parameters was predicted by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (a) the difficulty of the judgments was determined by the "holisticity" of facial features, (b) the consistency of the judgment rose when both the upper and the lower parts of a face contained expressions of anger, and (c) the difficulty and the consistency were mainly affected by the changes of the upper parts of angry faces and lower parts of happy faces.
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