Hoarding disorder is present in 2–6% of the population and can have an immense impact on the lives of patients and their families. Before its inclusion the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, pathological hoarding was often characterized as a symptom of obsessive–compulsive disorder, and several different diagnostic assessment methods were used to identify and characterize it. Although the age of onset of pathological hoarding is an important epidemiological measure, as clarifying the age of onset of hoarding symptoms may allow for early identification and implementation of evidence-based treatments before symptoms become clinically significant, the typical age of onset of hoarding is still uncertain. To that end, this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of research published in English between the years 1900 and 2016 containing information on age of onset of hoarding symptoms. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. The mean age of onset of hoarding symptoms across studies was 16.7 years old, with evidence of a bimodal distribution of onset. The authors conclude by discussing practice implications for early identification and treatment.
Abstract Objective Social anxiety increases college student drop‐out risk and stifles employment opportunities. Group cognitive‐behavioral therapy with exposure (CBT ERP) has the potential to alleviate campus resource strain but remains under‐researched with college students. The present study investigated the efficacy of group CBT ERP in a randomized clinical trial on a college campus. Method Thirty‐one postsecondary students were randomly assigned to an exposure‐only group or an active control. Results Linear mixed‐effects models indicated significant Group × Time interactions for general social anxiety ( t = −2.02, g = 0.62) and depression ( t = −2.77, g = 0.55); nonsignificant main effects were found for group and time variables. On a measure of fear of negative evaluation, only the main effect of time was significant ( t = 2.15, p = 0.032). Conclusions When compared to an active control group, CBT ERP is an efficacious and time‐effective treatment for college students experiencing social anxiety.
Hyperacusis is common among the autistic population, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at up to 60% compared to 17.1% in those without autism. For autistic children, avoidance behaviors and distress associated with hyperacusis significantly disrupt participation in everyday routines including academic, social and leisure activities. Although hyperacusis is a significant problem for children with autism and their families, there is little research on effective interventions. This report describes the clinical case of an 11-year-old boy with autism who received a modified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to address symptoms of hyperacusis.
