With increasing age, the bridge technical condition prediction is becoming essential for bridge management authority to enable bridge to be maintained at minimum overall cost. In this paper, the application of GM(1,1)-Markov model in individual bridge prediction is put forward. The GM(1,1)-Markov model is a model combining Markov model with grey model(1,1). When predicting, GM(1, 1) represents the total deterioration tendency of bridge, on base of which Markov model will take into account other uncertain factors leading to bridge condition improvement such as maintenance. This model to some extent settled the limitation of conventional regression model only for total tendency and probabilistic model merely used in bridge stock. In the end of this paper the model is applied in various bridge condition predicting, which gets good results.
Owing to the influence of traffic incidents, natural expressway traffic flow will be influenced. In order to promote dissipation of traffic flow congestion or clog and reduce vehicle queue delay under the influence of traffic incidents, some intervention measures should be adopted in the upper reaches of the origin of traffic incidents. Based on hydrodynamic traffic flow wave theory, it is analyzed the interactive influence of traffic incidents and intervention measures on expressway traffic flow, established traffic flow wave speed model, traffic flow wave position models and corresponding time models under the interactive influence of intervention shock wave and concentration-wave, startup-wave and dissipation-wave result from traffic incidents and relieving diffluent intervention measures time model on the basis of linear model of speed related to traffic density. These models or critical parameters provide theoretical basis for effectively determining schemes to solve traffic incidents and quickly eliminating traffic congestion or clog.
Supporting computer science and computer application courses requires spending many resources on specialized software. Courses, such as database concepts and applications, depend upon hands-on experience with software to help students understand important principles. Both the university computer labs and students need to install software for homework assignments. Problems include software availability, cost, installation, platform compatibility, and configuration. While academic licensing provides software to students at significantly lower prices, the price may still be too high for some students. Installation and configuration on client/student side may also be a problem. Further, IT departments face the challenge of installing, upgrading and patching the software in student labs.
Geocoding data are widely used in applications to support geographical locations and compute spatial relationships, such as distances. It is a common practice to capture geospatial data in relational database management systems (RDBMS), where most business data are stored and processed. However, RDBMS’s lack of ability in geocoding analysis and processing has prevented applications from handling spatial data effectively. Relational databases need to support geocoding data analysis and processing, such as geocoding data sorting, searching, geo-positioning, and distance computing. More advanced requirements may include the analysis of an area based on geo-location and area coverage of a geo-location. This paper provides analysis of some of the requirements on geocoding data processing in RDBMS from business application perspectives. The challenges in design and implementation will be discussed. The requirements will be further transformed to modeling, analysis, and processing on geocoding support in relational databases. When database volume increases, performance issues need to be addressed in order to provide efficient data queries and data processing. Database objects, such as auxiliary tables, views, and indexes, can be designed to provide performance improvement.
3D human body shape matching has large potential on many real world applications, especially with the recent advances in the 3D range sensing technology. We address this problem by proposing a novel holistic human body shape descriptor called BodyPrint. To compute the bodyprint for a given body scan, we fit a deformable human body mesh and project the mesh parameters to a low-dimensional subspace which improves discriminability across different persons. Experiments are carried out on three real-world human body datasets to demonstrate that BodyPrint is robust to pose variation as well as missing information and sensor noise. It improves the matching accuracy significantly compared to conventional 3D shape matching techniques using local features. To facilitate practical applications where the shape database may grow over time, we also extend our learning framework to handle online updates.
Abstract In this study, the enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the soil near the oil production plants in central China, and the potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) assessment model were used to evaluate the PER and HHR caused by the soil PTEs in the study area. The mean EFs of all PTEs were greater than 1, PTEs have accumulated to varying degrees, especially Cr, Ni and Pb were the most serious. The average value of PLI was 2.62, indicating that the soil PTEs were seriously polluted. The average $${E}_{r}^{i}$$ Eri values of PTEs were Cr > Pb > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Zn > Mn, of which Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni were at medium and above PER levels. Both adults and children in the study area suffered from varying degrees of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The total hazard index (THI) values of children (7.31) and adults (1.03) were all > 1, and the total carcinogenic risk index (TCRI) of children (9.44E−04) and adults (5.75E−04) were also > 10 –4 . In particular, the hazardous quotient (HQ) of Cr and Pb for children under the oral intake route were 4.91 and 1.17, respectively, caused serious non-carcinogenic risk. And the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) values of the PTEs in adults and children under the three exposure routes were Cr > Ni > > As > Pb > > Cd. Among them, the CRI values of Cr and Ni in children and adults by oral intake were both greater than 10 –4 , showing a strong carcinogenic risk. The results will provide scientific basis for environmental protection and population health protection in this area.
Abstract In this study, the enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the soil near the oil production plants in central China, and the potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) assessment model were used to evaluate the PER and HHR caused by the soil PTEs in the study area. The mean EFs of all PTEs were greater than 1, PTEs have accumulated to varying degrees. The average value of PLI was 2.62, indicating that the soil PTEs were seriously polluted. The average \({E}_{r}^{i}\) values of PTEs were Cr > Pb > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Zn > Mn, of which Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni were at medium and above PER levels. Both adults and children in the study area suffered from varying degrees of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The total hazard index (THI) values of children (7.31) and adults (1.03) were all > 1, and the total carcinogenic risk index (TCRI) of children (9.44E-04) and adults (5.75E-04) were also > 10 − 4. The results will provide scientific basis for environmental protection and population health protection in this area.
Ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory were performed to characterize the Ar + CF4 intermolecular potential. Potential energy curves were calculated with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, and with and without a correction for basis set superposition error (BSSE). Additional calculations were performed with other correlation consistent basis sets to extrapolate the Ar-CF4 potential energy minimum to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. Both the size of the basis set and BSSE have substantial effects on the Ar + CF4 potential. Calculations with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, and with a BSSE correction, appear to give a good representation of the BSSE corrected potential at the CBS limit. In addition, MP2 theory is found to give potential energies in very good agreement with those determined by the much higher level CCSD(T) theory. Two model analytic potential energy functions were determined for Ar + CF4. One is a fit to the aug-cc-pVTZ calculations with a BSSE correction. The second was derived by fitting an average BSSE corrected potential, which is an average of the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ potentials with and without a BSSE correction. These analytic functions are written as a sum of two-body potentials and excellent fits to the ab initio potentials are obtained by representing each two-body interaction as a Buckingham potential.
The law making to the cadmium limitation in chemical fertilizer is still hindered by some parts of relative interests though the greater and greater attention is paid. According to the review and summary on the course of law making for the cadmium issue, there are two opposite viewpoints involved, one is that the risk on harming human health may be taken for the application of cadmiumcontaining phosphate fertilizer or other cadmium source, the other is that the microcadmium on harming human health and ecology may be ignored. The argument both viewpoints occurs in the Europe, between the European Commission and the European Chemical Fertilizer Production Association, and the same in China between the China's trade policies and the USA's ones. Based on China's national conditions to decrease the risk of the cadmium issue, a suggestion is presented of the step by step establishing the cadmium standard, (i.e.) the first qualitative step of marking sign for the phosphate fertilizer with the cadmium content of more than 8 mg/kg; the second quantitative step of making law for the cadmium limitation in the phosphate fertilizer.
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