Meningsfull daglig verksamhet var ett viktigt mal i 90-talet psykiatriutredning, men nyliga uppfoljningar har visat att det ar langt kvar till detta mal. Det finns saledes anledning att bade utvardera existerande dagverksamheter och forsoka forbattra dem.
Under etapp 1 av ett sadant projekt jamfors personer som gar i traffpunktsliknande dagverksamheter med dem som gar i mer arbetsinriktade, angaende tillfredsstallelse, motivation, sociala kontakter, valbefinnande mm. De som gar i dagverksamheter jamfors pa liknande variabler med personer som inte har nagon regelbunden daglig verksamhet alls. Preliminara resultat fran denna etapp presenteras.
Etapp 2 innebar kvalitativa studier for att utrona vilka meningsfulla upplevelser som genereras dels fran arbete, dels fran andra dagliga aktiviteter. Resultat fran sadana studier rapporteras i andra presentationer (Christel Leufstadius samt Elisabeth Stromberg).
Pa basis av analyser fran etapperna 1 och 2 planeras en intervention, som innebar att berika dagverksamheter med de ”viktiga egenskaper” som identifierats i de forsta etapperna. Etapp 3 ar utveckling av ett instrument for att reflektera en verksamhets viktiga egenskaper. Interventionsprojektet (etapp 4) bedrivs i tre regioner: Malmo-Lund, Orebro och Umea med omgivande landsbygd. Dagverksamheter randomiseras till intervention respektive fortsatt verksamhet som vanligt. Enheterna jamfors vid baseline och efter en tids implementering avseende besokarnas upplevelser av ”viktiga egenskaper”, tillfredsstallelse, motivation, sociala kontakter mm.
A cold-labile fraction of microtubules with unusual properties was isolated from the brain of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The yield was low, approximately six times lower than that for bovine brain microtubules. This was mainly caused by the presence of a large amount of cold-stable microtubules, which were not broken down during the disassembly step in the temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly isolation procedure and were therefore lost. The isolated cold-labile cod microtubules contained usually only a low amount of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Three high molecular mass proteins were found, of which one was recognized as MAP2. Cod MAP2 differed from mammalian brain MAP2; it was not heat stable and had a slightly higher molecular mass. In contrast to mammalian MAPs, MAP1 was not found in the cold-labile fraction of microtubules. A new heat-labile MAP of higher molecular mass (400 kilodaltons) was however present, as well as a heat-stable protein of slightly lower molecular mass than MAP2. These MAPs showed similar tubulin-binding characteristics as bovine brain MAPs, since they coassembled with taxol-assembled bovine brain microtubules consisting of pure bovine tubulin. In spite of the fact that Ca2+ bound equally to cod and porcine tubulins, it did not inhibit cod microtubule assembly even at high concentrations (greater than 1 mM). In contrast, rings, spirals, and macrotubules were formed. The results show that there are major differences between this fraction of cod microtubules and microtubules from mammalian brain.
The amount of axonally transported proteins in the nervus splanchnicus of cod ( Gadus morhua ) was found to be temperature‐dependent in vitro, with an optimum at 8°C. The transport was markedly reduced at 2°C, probably caused by decreased protein synthesis rather than disassembly of microtubules. Microtubules were isolated from cod brain by cycles of assembly‐disassembly. These microtubules were cold‐labile, had a low amount of microtubule‐associated proteins and a high critical concentration for assembly. The possibilities exist that a cold‐stabilizing factor or cold‐stable microtubules are lost during the preparation, or that cold‐stable microtubules are components of the peripheral axons only.
Assembly of brain microtubule proteins isolated from the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, was found to be much less sensitive to colchicine than assembly of bovine brain microtubules, which was completely inhibited by low colchicine concentrations (10 microM). The degree of disassembly by colchicine was also less for cod microtubules. The lack of colchicine effect was not caused by a lower affinity of colchicine to cod tubulin, as colchicine bound to cod tubulin with a dissociation constant, Kd, and a binding ratio close to that of bovine tubulin. Cod brain tubulin was highly acetylated and mainly detyrosinated, as opposed to bovine tubulin. When cod tubulin, purified by means of phosphocellulose chromatography, was assembled by addition of DMSO in the absence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), the microtubules became sensitive to low concentrations of colchicine. They were, however, slightly more stable to disassembly, indicating that posttranslational modifications induce a somewhat increased stability to colchicine. The stability was mainly MAPs dependent, as it increased markedly in the presence of MAPs. The stability was not caused by an extremely large amount of cod MAPs, since there were slightly less MAPs in cod than in bovine microtubules. When "hybrid" microtubules were assembled from cod tubulin and bovine MAPs, these microtubules became less sensitive to colchicine. This was not a general effect of MAPs, since bovine MAPs did not induce a colchicine stability of microtubules assembled from bovine tubulin. We can therefore conclude that MAPs can induce colchicine stability of colchicine labile acetylated tubulin.
