In the present study five different wheat grain varieties viz. WH-542, PBW-343, UP-2003, KUNDAN and PBW-502 were collected from different farmer's house of Bihar state in polythene bags in triplicates and were divided into two lots i.e., one part was stored without being sterilized and other part was sterilized with sodium hypochlorite. After one year, stored wheat grain was analyzed for changes (mg/100gm) of Ca, P and Fe mineral contents. Maximum (−0.2) changes of Ca content was recorded in KUNDAN variety whereas minimum (−0.096) was recorded in WH-542 variety in comparison to freshly harvested wheat grain where no changes was recorded in sterilized stored wheat grains. Similarly P content was found maximum (0.169) changes in PBW-343 and minimum (−0.123) changes in WH-542 whereas in case of Fe content maximum (−0.04) changes have been recorded in UP-2003 and minimum (−0.027) changes in PBW-502 variety. For the determination of factor responsible for mineral changes, mycoflora of wheat grain was analyzed and compared with sterilized stored wheat grain where no fungus was isolated. The maximum no. of fungi was recovered from KUNDAN variety whereas minimum in PBW-343 variety. Out of 15 fungi belonging to different taxonomic group 7 fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Cladosporium oxysporum, Curvularia clavata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. Oxysporum, Penicillium citrinum were found to be common in all varieties whereas Curvularia lunata, and Drechslera hawaiiensis were found only in PBW-502 and UP-2003 Varieties respectively. The diversity and incidence of fungi was found to vary in different varieties of wheat and may be responsible to mineral changes in comparison for freshly harvested wheat grains.
We investigated the antimycotic activity of zinc nanoparticle (ZnNP) against the dark-spore formers, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria brassicicola. This study is a primary investigation to observe whether ZnNP is effective to interfere with fungal metabolism in such phytopathogenic fungi. The efficacy of ZnNP was assessed using four different concentrations (10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) on the spore germination as well as mycelial growth of these fungi. ZnNP at 20 ppm was effective to inhibit spore germination in B. sorokiniana. However, 10 ppm was found effective for A. brassicicola. Further, mycelial growth of both the fungi upon application of ZnNP at four different concentrations of 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm was tested. Again, 100 ppm concentration of ZnNP was reported to inhibit the growth of both the pathogens significantly.
Inhibitory potential of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) at concentrations of 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm was assessed on two foliar phytopathogens viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria brassicicola. Antifungal activity of AgNP was found to be significant in reducing germinating spores as well as mycelial growth of both pathogens in an experiment under controlled condition. AgNP at a concentration of 20 ppm was found effective to inhibit spore germination in B. sorokiniana as well as A. brassicicola. AgNP at 100 ppm resulted in restricting maximum mycelial growth for both pathogens. Hence, the current work revealed to apply 20 ppm of AgNP if considering a greater reduction in germinating spores of B. sorokiniana and A. brassicicola. Further, 100 ppm of AgNP may be preferred in restricting mycelial growth for these pathogens. The study, therefore, indicates that AgNP is having significant antifungal activity against B. sorokiniana and A. brassicicola, and hence, may find its scope in inhibiting the growth of foliar fungal pathogens (Deuteromycota) paving way for future experimental work in the field of plant disease management.
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