Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado

Southwest Bahia State University

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Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro

Southwest Bahia State University

122

Raimundo Martins Filho

Universidade Federal do Cariri

Júlio César de Souza

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro Azevêdo

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende

Southwest Bahia State University

Riccardo Bozzi

University of Florence

A. A. Ramos

National Observatory

Ana C. M. Malhado

Universidade Federal de Alagoas

Diego Pagung Ambrosini

Instituto Federal do Amapá

Milton Rezende Teixeira Neto

Centro Universitário de União da Vitória

Cooperative Institutions

Southwest Bahia State University

Universidade Federal do Piauí

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

Universidade Federal do Ceará

Universidade Federal do Paraná

Universidade Federal da Bahia

Universidade de São Paulo

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Adequação de modelos para estimativa de parâmetros genéticos relativos ao peso aos 205 dias de idade em bovinos da raça Tabapuã, criados na região Nordeste

Ciência Agronômica/Revista ciência agronômica (2005)

Eduardo Juliano Jacinto Raimundo Martins Filho Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro Azevêdo Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro

Resumo: Dados de pesos ao desmame (P205) de 12.181 bovinos da raca Tabapua, criados em regime de pasto, no Nordeste do Brasil, foram utilizados em analises univariadas, sob cinco diferentes modelos animais, contendo o efeito aleatorio genetico direto do animal, incluindo ou nao o efeito genetico materno e de ambiente permanente, alem do efeito fixo de grupo contemporâneo e a covariavel idade da vaca ao parto. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo Metodo da Maxima Verossimilhanca Restrita (REML), usando o aplicativo MTDFREML. O modelo que incluiu somente o efeito genetico direto do animal superestimou a variância genetica aditiva, elevando o valor da herdabilidade (0,39). Quando o efeito de ambiente permanente nao foi incluido no modelo, as variâncias geneticas aditivas, direta e materna aumentaram. A inclusao do efeito genetico materno, em vez do efeito de ambiente permanente, quando se considerou a covariância entre os efeitos geneticos direto e materno igual a zero, praticamente nao alterou o valor da variância genetica aditiva direta. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas sob os modelos mais completos (MA1 e MA2) foram: 0,17 ± 0,04 e 0,17 ± 0,03, para o efeito direto, e 0,10 ± 0,04 e 0,09 ± 0,03 para o efeito materno, considerando ou nao a covariância entre os efeitos geneticos direto e materno, respectivamente. Appropriate models to estimate genetic parameters for weight at 205 days of age of the Tabapua Zebu cattle in Northeast region of Brazil. Abstract: Weaning (W205) bodyweight data from 12.181 Tabapua cattle, raised under pastures regime in the Northeast region of Brazil, were studied using one-trait analyses under five different models for animals, containing random direct genetic effect from the animal, including or not maternal genetic and lifelong environmental effects, in addition to fixed effects of the contemporaneous group, and the variable age of dam at calving. Genetic parameters and (co)variance components were estimated by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML), making use of the software MTDFREML. The model that included the direct genetic effect from the animal alone overestimated the addictive genetic variance, rising heritability values (0.39). When the permanent environmental effect wasn?t included in the model, the values of addictive genetic direct and maternal variances raised. Inclusion of the genetic maternal effect, as a replacement for permanent environmental effects, considering the covariance between direct and maternal effects equal to zero, hardly altered the value of the direct additive variance. Heritabilities estimates, obtained through the most complete model (AM1 and AM2), were: 0.17 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.03 for the direct effect, 0.10 ± 0.04 and 0

Zebu

Restricted maximum likelihood

Beef Cattle

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Inbreeding depression on production and reproduction traits of buffaloes from Brazil

Animal Science Journal (2012)

Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Ana C. M. Malhado Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro A. A. Ramos José Adrián Carrillo

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inbreeding depression on traits of buffaloes from B razil. Specifically, the traits studied were body weight at 205 and 365 days of age, average daily gain from birth to 205 days ( ADG _205), average daily gain between 205 and 365 days ( ADG 205_365) in Mediterranean buffaloes, and milk yield, lactation length, age of first calving and calving intervals in M urrah buffaloes. Inbreeding effects on the traits were determined by fitting four regression models (linear, quadratic, exponential and M ichaelis‐ M enten) about the errors generated by the animal model. The linear model was only significant ( P < 0.05) for growth traits (exception of ADG 205_365). The exponential and M ichaelis‐ M enten models were significant ( P < 0.01) for all the studied traits while the quadratic model was not significant ( P > 0.05) for any of the traits. Weight at 205 and 365 days of age decreased 0.25 kg and 0.39 kg per 1% of increase in inbreeding, respectively. The inbred animals ( F = 0.25) produced less milk than non‐inbred individuals: 50.4 kg of milk. Moreover, calving interval increased 0.164 days per 1% of increase in inbreeding. Interestingly, inbreeding had a positive effect on age at first calving and lactation length, decreasing age of first calving and increasing lactation length.

10.1111/asj.12006

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Diversidade fenotípica de linhagens de ovinos Santa Inês por meio de análise multivariada

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (2015)

Milton Rezende Teixeira Neto Jurandir Ferreira da Cruz Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Joselito Araújo BARBOSA

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a diversidade fenotípica de linhagens de ovinos Santa Inês. Doze medidas corporais foram realizadas em 502 fêmeas adultas descendentes de 34 reprodutores pertencentes a 15 linhagens da raça Santa Inês, registrados junto à associação de criadores: Altura Anterior, Altura Posterior, Altura das Pernas, Altura do Tórax, Circunferência Torácica, Circunferência da Canela, Comprimento do Corpo, Comprimento do Pescoço, Comprimento de Orelha, Comprimento da Face, Comprimento do Chanfro e Largura da Face. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de Variáveis Canônicas e à análise de agrupamento pelo método da ligação média entre grupos. As três primeiras Variáveis Canônicas explicaram 81,01% da variação total. As linhagens 1, 10 e 11 foram as mais homogêneas, enquanto que as linhagens 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 apresentaram grande variabilidade intra-populacional. As linhagens 11 e 15 foram as que apresentaram maior distância (Mahalanobis). A análise de agrupamento mostrou a formação de três grupos. As cinco medidas corporais com maior importância relativa (Circunferência Torácica, Circunferência da Canela, Comprimento da Face, Comprimento de Pescoço e Comprimento de Chanfro), consideradas conjuntamente, explicaram 76,89% da diversidade fenotípica entre as linhagens. As linhagens de ovinos Santa Inês apresentam alta diversidade fenotípica, sendo que as características relacionadas à produção e à caracterização racial apresentam importância semelhante na diferenciação entre linhagens.

10.1590/s1519-99402015000400003

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Parâmetros e tendência genética em bovinos da raça Guzerá na microrregião mata e agreste no nordeste do Brasil

Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal (2004)

Júlio César de Souza Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Luís Otávio Campos de Silva Thalita Lázaro Leal Cibele Maria Gomes

Dados de 3086 pesos de animais aos 205 (P205) e aos 365 (P365) dias de idade da raça Guzerá, nascidos de 1975 a 1996, foram analisados com o objetivo de estimar os parâmetros e as tendências genéticas. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, livre de derivadas (DFREML), por meio de modelos animais multicaracterísticas, utilizando o aplicativo MTDFREML (BOLDMAN et al., 1995). O modelo animal incluiu os efeitos aleatórios aditivo direto e materno, efeitos fixos: sexo, fazenda, mês e ano de nascimento do bezerro, e a co-variável idade da vaca ao parto (efeito linear e quadrático). As tendências genéticas foram estimadas por modelo, ajustado por regressão linear, usando-se os dados de valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento. As estimativas de herdabilidades direta e materna para P205 foram 0,35 ± 0,07 e 0,13 ± 0,07 e para P365 foram 0,45 ± 0,08 e 0,02 ± 0,07, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre os efeitos direto e materno foram -0,51 ± 0,20 e -0,28 ± 0,37, para P205 e P365, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambiente entre os dois pesos foram iguais a 0,45, 0,57 e 0,59, respectivamente. As tendências genéticas dos efeitos diretos no período estudado foram 0,11 e 0,14 kg/ano para P205 e P365, respectivamente. Os valores encontrados sugerem a possibilidade de desenvolver o melhoramento da população estudada por meio da seleção massal.

10.7213/cienciaanimal.v2i2.15063

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Citations (2)

Weight evaluation of Tabapuã cattle raised in northeastern Brazil using random-regression models

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (2017)

Marcelo Richelly Alves de Oliveira Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro Azevêdo Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Luanna Chácara Pires Raimundo Martins Filho

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to compare random-regression models used to describe changes in evaluation parameters for growth in Tabapuã bovine raised in the Northeast of Brazilian. The M4532-5 random-regression model was found to be best for estimating the variation and heritability of growth characteristics in the animals evaluated. Estimates of direct additive genetic variance increased with age, while the maternal additive genetic variance demonstrated growth from birth to up to nearly 420 days of age. The genetic correlations between the first four characteristics were positive with moderate to large ranges. The greatest genetic correlation was observed between birth weight and at 240 days of age (0.82). The phenotypic correlation between birth weight and other characteristics was low. The M4532-5 random-regression model with 39 parameters was found to be best for describing the growth curve of the animals evaluated providing improved selection for heavier animals when performed after weaning. The interpretation of genetic parameters to predict the growth curve of cattle may allow the selection of animals to accelerate slaughter procedures.

Genetic correlation

Growth curve (statistics)

Variance components

Animal model

10.1590/1678-4162-9070

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Citations (5)

Drip‐tips are Associated with Intensity of Precipitation in the Amazon Rain Forest

Biotropica (2012)

Ana C. M. Malhado Yadvinder Malhi Robert J. Whittaker Richard J. Ladle Hans ter Steege

Abstract Drip‐tips are a common feature of the leaves of rain forest trees, but their functional significance remains contested. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that drip‐tips assist drainage of the lamina thereby aiding drying of the leaf surface and reducing the rate of colonization and abundance of epiphyllic organisms. The drying action of drip‐tips may also enhance transpiration and reduce the need for investment in support structures. Furthermore, drip‐tips may help prevent splash erosion around the base of the tree. Data from 130 forest Amazonian plots are used to investigate the abundance and distribution of drip‐tips and, through regression methods that incorporate spatial autocorrelation, seek to identify associations between the frequency of drip‐tips and a range of climatic variables. The average frequency of species and trees with drip‐tips across all plots was 32 and 33 percent, respectively. Trees and species with drip‐tips were significantly more prevalent in the Central‐East Amazon than the other regions. Drip‐tips were also associated with tree species that have smaller maximum heights and with trees with smaller trunk diameters. The proportion of species and individuals with drip‐tips was more strongly correlated with precipitation of the wettest trimester than with total annual precipitation or length of the dry season. Our results extend and provide support for both existing hypotheses for the functional benefit of possessing a drip‐tip. Moreover, the currently unrecognized macrogeographic association between the frequency of drip‐tips in trees of the tropical forest understory and areas of heavy precipitation suggests a new function for this trait.

Understory

10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00868.x

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Citations (28)

Heritability and genetic correlation of body weight and Kleiber ratio in Limousin and Charolais beef cattle breeds

animal (2022)

Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Stefano Biffani J.A. Carrillo-Tabakman Marco Fabbri

Reducing the environmental impact of livestock production is now indispensable and genetic selection can be of great support for this purpose. Measures that can identify high body growth at low maintenance costs in production animals are particularly useful since resources have been increasingly limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for BW and Kleiber ratio (KR) in 210-day-old and 365-day-old Charolais and Limousin breeds. A database comprising animals born from 1999 to 2018 was used in a multitrait model applying Bayesian inference. The heritability for BW is high in Charolais (0.39 and 0.42 for BW210 and BW365, respectively) and moderate in Limousin (0.22), indicating possible genetic gains for BW in both breeds. The genetic variability of KR should also allow satisfactory genetic gains. In addition, the genetic correlation between BW and KR ranged from low to moderate. Thus, selection over KR should have no effects on BW, showing that high body growth can be obtained without changes in efficiency.

Genetic correlation

Beef Cattle

10.1016/j.animal.2022.100528

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Citations (13)

Genetic Parameters for Reproductive Traits of Crossbred Buffaloes from Brazil, Estimated by Bayesian Inference

Buffalo Bulletin (2013)

Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado A. A. Ramos Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro José A. Carrillo

The objective of the study was to estimate heritability for calving interval (CI) and age at first calving (AFC) and also calculate repeatability for CI in buffaloes using Bayesian inference. The Brazilian Buffaloes Genetic Improvement Program provided the database. Data consists on information from 628 females and four different herds, born between 1980 and 2003. In order to estimate the variance, univariate analyses were performed employing Gibbs sampler procedure included in the MTGSAM software. The model for CI included the random effects direct additive and permanent environment factors, and the fixed effects of contemporary groups and calving orders. The model for AFC included the direct additive random effect and contemporary groups as a fixed effect. The convergence diagnosis was obtained using Geweke that was implemented through the Bayesian Output Analysis package in R software. The estimated averages were 433.2 days and 36.7months for CI and AFC, respectively. The means, medians and modes for the calculated heritability coefficients were similar. The heritability coefficients were 0.10 and 0.42 for CI and AFC respectively, with a posteriori marginal density that follows a normal distribution for both traits. The repeatability for CI was 0.13. The low heritability estimated for CI indicates that the variation in this trait is, to a large extent, influenced by environmental factors such as herd management policies. The age at first calving has clear potential for yield improvement through direct selection in these animals.

Repeatability

Gibbs sampling

Univariate

Genetic correlation

Restricted maximum likelihood

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Genetic parameters for milk yield, lactation length and calving intervals of Murrah buffaloes from Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia (2013)

Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Ana C. M. Malhado Alcides de Amorim Ramos Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro Júlio César de Souza

The major objective of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations between milk yield (MY) and calving interval (CI) and lactation length (LL) in Murrah buffaloes using Bayesian inference. The database used belongs to the genetic improvement program of four buffalo herds from Brazil. To obtain the estimates of variance and covariance, bivariate analyses were performed with the Gibbs sampler, using the program MTGSAM. The heritability coefficient estimates were 0.28, 0.03 and 0.15 for MY, CI and LL, respectively. The genetic correlations between MY and LL was moderate (0.48). However, the genetic correlation between MY and CI showed large HPD regions (highest posterior density interval). Milk yield was the only trait with clear potential for genetic improvement by direct mass selection. The genetic correlation between MY and LL indicates that indirect selection using milk yield is a potentially beneficial strategy. The interpretation of the estimated genetic correlation between MY and CI is difficult and could be spurious.

Genetic correlation

Gibbs sampling

Murrah buffalo

10.1590/s1516-35982013000800005

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Citations (39)

Genotype-environment interaction for productive traits of Holstein cows in Brazil described by reaction norms

Tropical Animal Health and Production (2020)

Jeferson Bello dos Santos Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado Jaime Araújo Cobuci Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende Paulo Luíz Souza Carneiro

10.1007/s11250-020-02269-8

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Citations (7)