Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the main traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Owing to the property of Semi-volatility, persistance, and mobility, they are all found in various environmental media and organisms all over the world. Toxicological studies have shown that PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA not only exhibited obvious biological toxicity and carcinogenicity, but also posed potential harm to the ecological environment and human. This paper briefly summarized the current status of PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA in the environment, and discussed the level, distribution, exposure routes and toxicity of three traditional BFRs in non-living organisms (dust, water, soil, sediment, sludge) and living organisms (plants, animals, and humans). In addition, the problems existing in nowadays research were mentioned. Finally, a preliminary outlook for future research on PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA was presented.
The effect of NH + 4-N removal in a polluted raw water of water sources by the bioremediation process with the elastic fillings and micropore aerators was studied in this paper .The effect of waterbody temperature on the NH + 4-N removal in the polluted water sources was also discussed. The results show that the waterbody temperature is an important factor effecting the bioremediation process. The temperature has the biggest effect on the removal of NH + 4-N for the bioremediation process under low waterbody temperature. The temperature has a smaller effect on the removal of NH + 4-N for the bioremediation process under higher waterbody temperature.
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