Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке совместного гранта Германской службы академических обменов (DAAD) и Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации в рамках программы «Михаил Ломоносов III» (Проект № 3723).
The influence of Co micro-alloying (1 at. %) on the shear band diffusion and the relaxation processes in a model PdNiP bulk metallic glass is investigated. The shear bands are induced by one-pass cold-rolling. In addition to a fast shear band diffusion branch (Dsb≃10−16m2/s at 473 K), with the diffusivity being similar to that observed for the cold-rolled standard Pd40Ni40P20 composition, an ultrafast diffusion branch (Dsb≃10−14m2/s at the same temperature) is found to exist in the micro-alloyed glass. Combined with previously reported observations of faster relaxation of both the Boson peak height and the fictive temperature, the results indicate that Co micro-alloying affects the excess free volume distribution and thus changes the potential energy landscape of the glass, introducing a higher number of local atomic arrangements prone to the formation of shear transformation zones under plastic deformation.
Relaxation of shear bands in a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass is investigated by a combination of the radiotracer technique and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation (in the latter case using a model for Ni80P20), serving for determining for the first time the effective activation enthalpy of Ag diffusion along the shear bands in the Pd40Ni40P20 glass as only 55 kJ/mol. The shear bands are established to relax during annealing below glass transition temperature and the diffusion enhancement evolves with time in a non-monotonous manner. A phenomenological model accounting for an inhomogeneous distribution of excess free volume in shear bands and in the surrounding matrix is proposed. In the MD simulation, glass samples subjected to a constant strain rate are considered. Development of shear bands and the subsequent relaxation of stresses are characterized on a microscopic to mesoscopic scales. Mean-square displacement as well as strain maps indicate that the inhomogeneity, as manifested in shear bands in the systems under shear, persist after the shear is switched off. We observe a relaxation towards residual stresses that are localized in regions where the shear band has been present before although the system is - different from the macroscopic experiment - homogeneous with respect to the local density. These results indicate that even on a local scale one may expect strong dynamic heterogeneity in deformed glassy solids due to shear banding.
Nanodot deposition on a side surface of a rectangular sample and digital image correlation are used to quantify the in-plane strain fields associated with the propagation of a shear band in a PdNiP bulk metallic glass, induced by rolling. Within the resolution of the method related to an average inter-dot distance of 100 nm, deformation is found to be highly localized at the shear bands, while alternating areas with a size of 100–400 nm with opposite local shear strains are found. This phenomenon substantiates a local stick-slip nature of shear band propagation during the metallic glass deformation, even during rolling.
Micro-alloying was performed using additions of Co and Fe to monolithic Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass to study selectively the influence on the plastic behavior in uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests. The corresponding Poisson's ratios were determined by ultrasonic measurements. The microstructure of the individual bulk metallic glasses was characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and calorimetry. A plastic strain of 13% was found for the Co addition (1 at.%), whereas the Fe addition (0.6 at.%) led to immediate failure after reaching the elastic limit. Surprisingly, the plasticity is not reflected by the high Poisson's ratio of 0.4 since it remained unaffected by the minor alloying.
The impact of Co micro-alloying on low temperature specific heat capacity and the relaxation processes in a model Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass in both as-cast and cold-rolled states was investigated. In addition to an excess (Boson) peak at low temperatures of about 12 to 14 K, a magnetic heat capacity anomaly in the Co alloyed glass below 10 K was observed. The measured Boson peak heights and the fictive temperatures both advocate a much faster β relaxation in the micro-alloyed glass. Yet, the micro-alloying does not measurably affect the enthalpy associated with α-relaxation. The impact of shear bands on the thermodynamic properties of the micro-alloyed glass is discussed.
Relaxation of shear bands in a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by a combination of radiotracer diffusion and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, allowing to determine for the first time the effective activation enthalpy of diffusion along shear bands in a deformed glass. The shear bands relax during annealing below the glass transition temperature and the diffusion enhancement reveals unexpectedly a non-monotonous behavior. The development of shear bands and the subsequent relaxation of stresses after switching off the shearing are characterized on microscopic to mesoscopic length scales by MD simulation subjecting the model glass to a constant strain rate. Mean-squared displacements as well as strain maps indicate that the heterogeneity, as manifested by shear bands in the systems under shear, persist after the shear is switched off. We observe a further relaxation of residual stresses that remain localized in regions where the shear band has been present before, although the system is - different from the macroscopic experiment - homogeneous with respect to the local density. These results indicate that even on a local scale one may expect strong dynamic heterogeneity in deformed glassy solids due to shear banding. The results thus suggest that plastically deformed metallic glasses present poly-amorphous systems that necessitate descriptions that are analogous to multiphase materials including the presence of heterophase interfaces.