Abstract Necdin (NDN) acts as a tumor suppressor gene in some malignant tumors, but it is unclear about the role of NDN in osteosarcoma (Osteosarcoma, OS). The results show that the expression level of NDN is low, while that of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is significantly up-regulated in OS cells and tissues. Overexpression of NDN can accelerate apoptosis of OS cells making them less invasiveness, and reduce the tubular shape of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Meanwhile, the overexpression of NDN can inhibit the expression of VEGFA. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrates that there is no noticeable relationship between NDN and VEGFA and no statistical significance. The studies in vivo further confirmed that NDN could inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft nude mice. Our results show that NDN is a potential tumor suppressor in OS, and it can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by regulating VEGFA. Therefore, NDN may be a new biomarker for the prognosis and a new target for treatment of OS.
Macrophages in the synovium, as immune cells, can be polarized into different phenotypes to play an anti-inflammatory role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, bibliometric methods were used to search the relevant literature to find valuable research directions for researchers and provide new targets for osteoarthritis prevention and early treatment.Studies about the application of macrophages in the treatment of osteoarthritis were searched through the Web of Science core database from 2009 to 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R software, and 2 online websites were used to analyze the research status and predict the future development of the trend in research on macrophages in osteoarthritis.The number of publications identified with the search strategy was 1304. China and the United States ranked first in the number of publications. Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first in the world with 37 papers. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage was the journal with the most publications, and "exosomes," "stem cells," "macrophage polarization," "regeneration," and "innate immunity" may remain the research hotspots and frontiers in the future.The findings from the global trend analysis indicate that research on macrophages in the treatment of osteoarthritis is gradually deepening, and the number of studies is increasing. Exosomes may become a research trend and hotspot in the future.
Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of anterior (DAA)with approach(PLA)in the treatment of hip arthroplasty.
Methods
Reports using case-control studies and randomized clinical trials to compare the DAA with PLA in the treatment of hip were retried from China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, PubMed Library, and Cochrane Library, from January 2010 to April 2018. The searched key words were direct anterior approach posterolateral approach total hip arthroplasty . Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed. Statistical software Revman 5.3 was used for data analysis, and average operation time, average length of hospital stay, VAS, HHS score, average blood loss, fracture post operation, infection, and dislocation of hip joint were analyzed.
Results
A of 6 341 patients from 14 articles were included, 3 282 patients using DAA and 3 059 patients using PLA. Three randomized controlled trials were low risk evaluated by Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool, and ten cases controlled trials were high quality and one case controlled trial was middle quality evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale risk of bias assessment tool. The results showed that, when the efficacy, safety of DAA and PLA were compared in the treatment of hip arthroplasty, there was statistical significance in the average operation time(WMD=17.26, 95%CI 7.22-27.30, P 0.05); infection(OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.21-2.79, P>0.05); dislocation of hip joint (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.40-1.18, P>0.05).
Conclusions
Both approaches achieve similar and satisfactory clinical effect in the hip in the period of follow-up time. The DAA is superior to the PLA in the hip in regards to the average hospital stay, VAS, HHS. PLA has a shorter operation time and less blood loss.
Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Direct anterolateral approach; Posterolateral Approach; Meta analysis
Osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures seriously affect the life and health of the elderly,indicating the elderly life health begin to decline. Therefore, aggressive treatment is particularly important. Traditional surgical method,such as laminectomy and internal fixation has large trauma,more blood loss and high failure rate. However, conservative treatment cannot early reduce pain symptoms and improve functional status,it can lead delayed union and severe ossification and form chronic OVCF,make more difficult to treat. In treatment of vertebral body fracture,there was a new way with the development of minimally invasive spinal surgery technology. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty has become the commonly used method in treating OVCF. With rapid and significant analgesic effect,vertebral body height recovered ideally, the patients can early load activities and preoperative complications is rare. Effective rehabilitation exercise is also important in treating OVCF by surgery at the same time.
Femoral neck fractures are a common traumatic injury. The removal of the internal fixation remains controversial, especially in terms of mechanical stability. Moreover, collapsed necrosis of the femoral head continues to occur after fracture healing. We believe that sclerotic cancellous bone (SCB) formation around the screw is associated with femoral head necrosis. We aimed to compare mechanical features before and after implant removal and determine the effect of SCB formation on stress distribution.Cylindrical cancellous bone sections were collected from a relatively normal region and an SCB region of a necrotic femoral head, and their elastic moduli were measured. Four femoral finite element models were developed: a) femoral neck fracture healing with implants, b) fracture healing without implants, c) sclerosis around the screw with implants, and d) sclerosis around the screw without implants.The maximum von Mises peak stresses of models a and b were 66.643 MPa and 63.76 MPa, respectively, and were concentrated in the upper lateral femur. The main stress was scattered at the lowest screw tail, femoral calcar region, and lateral femur shaft. Moreover, coronal plane strain throughout the screw paths near the femoral head in models a and b was mostly in the range of 1000-3000 με. The maximum stress concentrations in models c and d were located at the lower femoral head and reached 91.199 MPa and 78.019 MPa, respectively.The stresses in the sclerotic model around the cannulated screws are more concentrated on the femoral head than in the healing model without sclerotic bone. The overall stresses in the healing femoral neck fracture model were essentially unchanged before and after removal of the internal fixation.
Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation involves grafting of natural hyaline cartilage and supporting subchondral bone into the cartilage defect area to restore its biomechanical and tissue structure. However, differences in biomechanical properties and donor-host matching may impair the integration of articular cartilage (AC). This study analyzed the biomechanical properties of the AC in different regions of different sites of the knee joint and provided a novel approach to OCA transplantation. Intact stifle joints from skeletally mature pigs were collected from a local abattoir less than 8 h after slaughter. OCAs were collected from different regions of the joints. The patella and the tibial plateau were divided into medial and lateral regions, while the trochlea and femoral condyle were divided into six regions. The OCAs were analyzed and compared for Young's modulus, the compressive modulus, and cartilage thickness. Young's modulus, cartilage thickness, and compressive modulus of OCA were significantly different in different regions of the joints. A negative correlation was observed between Young's modulus and the proportion of the subchondral bone (r = - 0.4241, P < 0.0001). Cartilage thickness was positively correlated with Young's modulus (r = 0.4473, P < 0.0001) and the compressive modulus (r = 0.3678, P < 0.0001). During OCA transplantation, OCAs should be transplanted in the same regions, or at the closest possible regions to maintain consistency of the biomechanical properties and cartilage thickness of the donor and recipient, to ensure smooth integration with the surrounding tissue. A 7 mm depth achieved a higher Young's modulus, and may represent the ideal length.
Objective
To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional(3D)patient-specific instrumentation(PSI) with conventional instrumentation concerning re-established lower limb alignment and prosthetic component positioning after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).
Methods
The randomized controlled trials that comparing 3D PSI with conventional osteotomy instrumentation concerning the lower limb alignment and clinical efficacy following TKA were searched through PubMed, Embase, CoChrane Library, CNKI, Chinainfo and other accessible electronic databases. The articles were precisely screened according to the inclusion criteria(the research types were randomized controlled studies, the research objects were end period osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients who met primary TKA, the intervention and control measures were PSI or conventional instrumentation, the outcome measures included at least lower limb mechanical axis outliers) and exclusion criteria(the studies that did not meet the criteria mentioned above); the quality was assessed on the basis of the Jadad rating scale. Related data were extracted and analyzed by Review Manager 5.3, the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated for count data such as lower limb mechanical axis and prosthetic component outliers, the mean difference(MD) and 95% CI were calculate for continuous variables such as knee function score and operation time. The statistical results were reviewed in the end.
Results
Eleven articles, including 12 trials were enrolled in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between PSI and conventional instrumentation in the post-operative hip-knee-ankle axis(lower limb mechanical axis) outliers[RR=0.88, 95%CI(0.65, 1.19), P>0.05]; the coronal femoral component outliers[RR=0.76, 95%CI(0.57, 1.02), P>0.05]; the coronal tibial component outliers[RR=1.19, 95%CI(0.68, 2.09), P>0.05]; the OKS scores at 3-month follow-up[MD=0.04, 95%CI(-1.63, 1.72), P>0.05] after TKA between PSI and conventional instrumentation. The post-operative femoral component rotation outliers indeed showed statistical difference [RR=0.55, 95%CI(0.33, 0.94), P<0.05].
Conclusion
PSI is more accurate than conventional osteotomy instrumentation in femoral component rotation after TKA.
Key words:
Knee; Patient-specific modeling; Arthroplasty, replacement; Meta-analysis
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that involves the spinal cord and then causes reduced function of the extremities, and eventually often involves respiratory muscles and leads to death, 10% of cases are related to family inheritance, and the most frequent gene mutation is SOD1. In hSOD1G93A transgenic mice using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry techniques we found that the expression of SHH, FAK, ERK, p-FAK, and p-ERK was progressively decreased in the spinal cord tissue of hSOD1 mice over time. By stimulating SHH with an agonist, the SHH, FAK, ERK, p-FAK, p-ERK protein levels increased, while SHH, FAK, p-FAK protein decreased significantly by inhibiting SHH compared to the hSOD1 control group. The HE staining results of mouse gastrocnemius muscle showed that the agonist group had an increased muscle morphology and more muscle fibers than the hSOD1 control group, while the inhibitor group had an atrophied muscle morphology and fewer muscle fibers than the hSOD1 control group. Our experiments confirmed that SHH, FAK and ERK may have an upstream and downstream relationship in the spinal cord tissue of hSOD1 mice, and that PUR can activate SHH protein and enhance the function of FAK/ERK. SHH is suggested to play a protective role in the muscle tissue of hSOD1 mice through the FAK/ERK pathway.
The low stability and high toxicity of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) greatly limit their application in the biological field. Here, six different CsPbBr3 PNCs were prepared by ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) and hot injection using oleic acid (OA), oleamine (OAm), (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) modification and SiO2 coating, respectively. Different ligands, shells, and synthesis methods give CsPbBr3 PNCs diverse optical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. Among them, OA-OAm-APTES-CsPbBr3@SiO2 has the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (80.74%) and higher stability (fluorescence intensity remains 70% after 15 days in an atmospheric environment). OA-OAm-APTES-CsPbBr3@SiO2 (30 μg/mL) was cocultured with liver cancer cells for 12 h, and the survival rate was 80%, indicating high biocompatibility. Under the observation of the microplate reader, bright green fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm, indicating that OA-OAm-APTES-CsPbBr3@SiO2 has great application potential in the field of bioimaging.
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