Schwannomas are nerve sheath tumors arising from Schwann cells. These tumors usually present as benign, relatively slow-growing, solitary, encapsulated, painless masses. Schwannomas rarely occur in the vagina, and have not been fully recognized as gynecological tumors. We herein describe the case of a patient who presented with a schwannoma occurring in the wall of vagina, with non-specific symptoms lasting for ~1 year. The vaginal mass was incidentally detected during a sonographic examination and the patient was referred for surgical resection. The surgery was uncomplicated and the vaginal tumor was diagnosed as benign schwannoma. The immunohistochemical examination revealed positivity for vimentin, S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, whereas discovered on GIST-1, CD117, CD34, desmin, smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin were negative. Tumors occurring in the vagina are common and are of variable histological types, with a wide range of pathological characteristics and complications. Schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with atypical symptoms from the gynecological tract. Immunohistochemical staining is required for confirmation of the diagnosis of schwannoma, and for distinguishing this entity from other homologous tumors.
The essence of and political education-oriented course is not only an educational method, but also an educational idea. The implementation of and political education-oriented course is of great significance for implementing national ideological education and improving the effectiveness of ideological and political work in universities. It is also a necessary way to effectively play a major role in educating students in classroom. Digital Media Art have the unique advantages of enhancing the enjoyment and attractiveness, effectiveness and persuasion, as well as interaction and affinity in the implementation of the and political education-oriented courses reform. It is beneficial to realize the teaching design and goal of multi-dimensional education with and political education-oriented course. In the specific implementation path, it should keep up with the times and take multiple measures. It can be pushed forward by following the principle of curriculum construction, returning to the original idea of education, applying information technology, inheriting outstanding cultural genes, and playing party committee's key role.
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 1 (SLC38A1) is a principal transporter of glutamine and plays a crucial role in the transformation of neoplastic cells. However, the correlation between SLC38A1 expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be elucidated. We used two independent patient cohorts, namely, a Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and a Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) cohort, to analyze the role of SLC38A1 in HCC at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. In these two cohorts, SLC38A1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. Both SLC38A1 mRNA and protein expression were positively associated with clinicopathological characteristics (clinical stage, T stage, pathological grade, tumor size, and tumor thrombus), were negatively associated with survival, and were independent prognostic factors in HCC patients. Functional enrichment analyses further indicated that SLC38A1 was involved in multiple pathways related to amino acid metabolism, tumors, and immunity. High expression levels of SLC38A1 were inversely proportional to CD8+ T cells and directly proportional to macrophages M0, neutrophils, programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Moreover, we used immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples and other online databases to further validate the expression levels and prognostic significance of SLC38A1 in HCC. Collectively, our study demonstrated that the upregulated expression of SLC38A1 was related to an unfavorable prognosis and defective immune infiltration in HCC.
Objective To detect the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), Von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) and HIF-1αmRNA and study the effect of VHL to HIF-1α and HIF-1αmRNA in breast cancer. Methods The tissue chips were created from 80 cases with breast cancer and 20 samples of normal breast tissue. The expression of VHL and HIF-1α in breast cancer tissue chips were detected by the Maxvision immunohistochemistry; while HIF-1αmRNA was detected by in situ hybridization method. Results The positive rates of HIF-1α and HIF-1αmRNA in invasive cancer were significantly higher than those of noninvasive cancer of breast and the control groups (P0.01). The positive rate of VHL in invasive cancer was lower than those of noninvasive breast cancer and the control groups respectively (P0.01). The positive rates of HIF-1α and HIF-1αmRNA in lymph node metastasis group were significantly higher than those of non-metastasis group (P0.01). The positive rate of VHL in lymph node metastasis group was significantly lower than that of non-metastasis group (P0.01). The expresstion of VHL was significant difference between HIF-1α positive and HIF-1α negative groups of breast cancer (P0.01). Conclusions The high expression of HIF-1α, HIF-1αmRNA and the low expression of VHL may be related with invasion of breast cancer and lymph node metastasis. In breast cancer, the VHL expression is negatively related with HIF-1α expression and not related with the HIF-1αmRNA expression.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diffuse lung diseases that mainly affect the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar space, resulting in the loss of alveolar-capillary functional units, so early diagnosis is the key to effective management of ILD.Thoracic high-resolution CT, pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy and lung biopsy are effective means for diagnosis of ILD, and can assess disease severity and treatment efficacy.But it is costly, radiant and invasive.Studies have found that alveolar type Ⅱ cell surface antigen 6 (KL-6) is a promising serological marker for ILD, which is significantly associated with the occurrence, progression, drug efficacy and prognosis of ILD.It is also found that KL-6 also plays an important role in other respiratory diseases.This article reviews the research progress of KL-6 in respiratory diseases.
Key words:
KL-6; Lung diseases, interstitial
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disorder of recurrent hypoxia and daytime sleepiness caused by airway collapse during sleep.Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is closely related to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and heart failure.OSAHS plays an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.Currently, OSAHS as an important risk factor of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is gradually paid attention to.This article reviews the pathogenesis of OSAHS induced coronary heart disease, the relationship between OSAHS and coronary artery stenosis, the adverse prognosis of OSAHS combined with coronary heart disease and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the prognosis of these patients.
Key words:
Sleep apnea, obstructive; Coronary artery disease; Coronary stenosis; Continuous positive airway pressure; Pathogenesis
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is currently considered to be independent disease that is apart from either emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis alone.At present, there are no clear diagnostic criteria for CPFE at home and abroad.CPFE is characterized by lower lobe fibrosis and upper lobe emphysema on chest high resolution computed tomography scans.CPFE is often associated with pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, etc., and the prognosis is poor.It is reported that the median survival time is only 2.1-8.5 years, and there is currently no effective treatment and management.This article reviews the possible pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pulmonary function characteristics, complications, clinical treatment and related prognosis of CPFE, in order to provide relevant bases for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CPFE.
Key words:
Pulmonary fibrosis; Lung diseases, interstitial; Pulmonary emphysema; Clinical features
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