Abstract Background: Intriguingly, microRNA-20a (miR-20a) has been recently witnessed to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EMS) but the molecular mechanism controlled by miR-20a is to be undefined. The present study is designed to probe into how miR-20a acts to regulate the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. Methods: Most of all, consistent with the clinical determination in EMS patients, miR-20a was determined to be down-regulated in NK cells isolated from nude mice. miR-20a could specifically bind to ERG and negatively regulates its expression in NK cells. Additionally, shRNA-mediated silencing of ERG decreased the expression of HLX. HLX up-regulated STAT4 by inducing proteasome degradation and inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity. Results: Of great importance, forced expression of miR-20a consequently induced NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro by increasing perforin expression via enhancement of STAT4 that was caused by impairing the binding of ERG to HLX enhancer. The in vivo experiments further confirmed the promoting role of miR-20a in the cytotoxicity of NK cells isolated from EMS nude mice and subsequent protective role of miR-20a against EMS-induced endometrial injury. Conclusion: The aforementioned data suggest that miR-20a potentiates the cytotoxicity of NK via up-regulating perforin mediated by ERG/HLX/STAT4, highlighting potential novel mechanisms associated with EMS progression.
Objective To analyze the development, treatment, death cause and survival situation of malignant tumor in aging patients Method Retrospectively analysis was made on 106 aging patients died of malignant tumors, who received the treatment in our hospital. Result Of all 106 patients, 102 patients were in advanced stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳstage), occupying 96.23%,most of who also had some other basic senile diseases; 96.23% patients had been treated with TCM, which exceeded the ones who were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and operation. Some aging patients with tumor had better survival time than other age patients; the top three causes of death for tumor were respiratory failure, infection and congestive heart failure. Conclusion Most of aging patients with malignant tumor were in advanced stage, TCM treatment is easily to be accepted by patients, due to its fewer side effects. In the meantime, we should treat the basic senile diseases positively and prevent their complications.
Key words:
Aging patients; Malignant tumor; Death analysis
Objective
To observe the initial mechanism investigation in immune escaping correlated T cell proportion of Lewis lung cancer by Fuzheng-Peiyuan formula. To provide a theoretical basis for the application of the Chinese medicine of strengthening the body resistance in clinics.
Methods
The healthy C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups by the random number table: the Chinese medicine group, the Chinese medicine plus chemotherapy group, the chemotherapy group, the model group and the normal control group. There were 6 mice in each group. All the groups expect the normal control group were inoculated subcutaneously with Lewis lung cancer cell suspension 0.2 ml. The medicine given to the Chinese medicine group were orally Fuzheng-Peiyuan formula with 8.17 g/kg. The combination group was given intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg and orally Fuzheng-Peiyuan formula 8.17 g/kg. The chemotherapy group received the injection of cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg and intragastric administration of normal saline. The model group and normal control group were administered with saline. After continuous administration for 13 days, the expressions of CD4, Foxp3, CD8 and CD28 in spleen cells of tumor bearing mice were observed by flow cytometry.
Results
Compared with the model group, the chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy combined with Chinese traditional medicine group showed that tumor weight (1.76 ± 0.42 g, 1.40 ± 0.43 g vs. 4.37 ± 0.59 g) significantly decreased (P<0.01); and the CD4+ Foxp3+ cells of mouse spleen cells in the Chinese medicine group and Chinese medicine plus chemotherapy group (11.25% ± 1.69%, 9.30% ± 2.68% vs. 14.21% ± 1.50 %) significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusions
The result initial proved that the Chinese medicine could strengthen the body resistance, adjust the proportion of Treg and CTL in spleen T cell in tumor-bearing mouse.
Key words:
T-lymphocyte subsets; Carcinoma, Lewis lung; Fuzheng-Peiyuan formula; Mice
Antibody response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in adults with hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysisWith great interest, we read the article entitled "Antibody response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in adults with hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis" published in the Haematologica. 1 This article aims to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies.The authors found that seroprotection was significantly lower in patients with hematological malignancies after the first and second doses of the vaccine compared with healthy controls or patients with solid tumors.The pooled results of this study provide very useful information for patient selection decisions.However, we would like to point out some of the shortcomings in the methods and results of this meta-analyis to further refine this important study.The most prominent limitations of this meta-analysis are attributed to inaccurate literature searches and insufficiently refined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The authors emphasized in the text that the time interval of the literature search was between July 1, 2020 and September 16, 2021, and the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and LitCovid were used for the search.Nevertheless, we recommend further extensive searches of commonly used databases such as EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as it is easy to miss targeted studies by selecting just three databases.3][4][5][6] Furthermore, the authors should specify i) the type and language limitation of included studies, ii) if there are special requirements for patient characteristics and past history, iii) if there are specific limitations on the completeness of outcome measures and original data.In addition to excluding case reports or series, were other types of studies such as biochemical studies, conference reports, reviews, and comments also excluded?While these methodological details are tedious, they provide a solid premise for further meta-analyses.
In this paper, we investigate secure communication for a dual-hop multiuser relay network, where a source communication with N ( N ≥ 1 ) destinations via an untrusted variable gains relay. To exploit multiuser diversity while protecting source’s confidential message, we first propose a joint destination-based jamming and opportunistic scheduling (DJOS) scheme. Then, we derive closed-form approximated and asymptotic expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the considered system with DJOS. Furthermore, we determine an asymptotical optimal power allocation (OPA), which minimizes the asymptotic SOP, to further improve the secrecy performance. Our analytical results show that the achievable secrecy diversity order in terms of SOP with fixed power allocation is min ( 1 , N 2 ) , whereas, with OPA, the achievable secrecy diversity order can be improved up to min ( 1 , 2 N N + 2 ) . This interesting result reveals that OPA can improve the secrecy diversity order of the single-user network. This is intuitive since full diversity order of 1 cannot be achieved when N = 1 , thus leaving some space for OPA to improve the diversity order. Nevertheless, for N ≥ 2 , the effect of OPA is to increase the secrecy array gain rather than the secrecy diversity order since full diversity order 1 has been achieved by the OS scheme. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate our analysis.
Objectives To investigate the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on collagen metabolism biomarkers and their relationship to cardiac function, in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were quantified before and after 12 weeks’ treatment, in patients with ICM receiving CRT and standard medical therapy (CRT group) or standard medical therapy alone (non-CRT group), and in controls. Cardiac function was measured echocardiographically. Results MMP-9, TIMP-1, ICTP and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher, and the PICP/ICTP ratio significantly lower, in patients with ICM ( n = 27) compared with controls ( n = 20). After 12 weeks’ treatment, MMP-9, TIMP-1, ICTP and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher, and the PICP/ICTP ratio significantly lower, in the non-CRT group ( n = 15) compared with the CRT group ( n = 12). The PICP/ICTP ratio correlated positively with TIMP-1 and negatively with MMP-9. The early/atrial ratio and left ventricular ejection fraction correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac function were significantly worse in patients with ICM compared with controls and improved significantly after treatment in the CRT group. Conclusions In ICM, collagen degradation biomarkers were elevated and correlated positively with cardiac function. CRT partially reversed the deterioration in collagen metabolism and enhanced cardiac function.
A new threshold function is presented based on the traditional de-noising method put forward by Donoho. The new threshold function has many advantages over Donoho's soft-threshold and hard-threshold functions. This new algorithm is in possession of not only the de-noising ability of the energy-adaptation, but also the capability of protecting edge information of mobile image signal when it was applied to de-noise. It is simple in expression and avoids the discontinuity of hard-threshold function; meanwhile, it is as continuous as the Donoho's soft-threshold function. Besides, this function has a high order derivative which makes all kinds of mathematical manipulations very convenient. At the same time, the new threshold function is more elastic than the traditional soft-threshold and hard-threshold functions. All these advantages make it possible to construct a self-adaptation de-noising algorithm. Simulation results based on both single wavelet and CL2 multi-wavelet transformation indicate that the de-noising approach with the new threshold function outperforms the traditional soft-threshold function in both visional effects and signal-to-noise ratio
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