The automatic flap barrier gate system (AFBGS) plays a critical role in building security, but it is more vulnerable to natural hazards than common exits (including power failure, due to earthquakes, and delayed evacuation, due to safety certification, etc.). This article considers a dynamic decision-making process of evacuees during post-earthquake evacuation near an AFBGS. An interesting metaphor, broken windows (BW), is utilized to interpret people’s actual behavior during evacuation. A multi-stage decision-making mechanism of evacuees is developed to characterize the instantaneous transition among three defined stages: Habitual, mild, and radical states. Then, we build a modified three-layer social force model to reproduce the interaction between evacuees based on an actual post-earthquake evacuation. The simulations reveal that BW provides a contextualized understanding of emergency evacuation with a similar effect to the traditional metaphor. An earlier appearance of a mild rule breaker leads to a higher crowd evacuation efficiency. If evacuees maintain the state of broken windows behavior (BWB), the crowd evacuation efficiency can be improved significantly. Contrary to the criminological interpretation, the overall effect of mild BWB is positive, but the radical BWB is encouraged under the command of guiders.
Based on the Q3 loess in LongDong, this paper predicts the shear strength of unsaturated loess in LongDong by 4 kinds of commonly used soil water characteristic curves. In the results, the VG model is well fit the soil-water characteristic curve of Q3 intact loess, and the saturated volume water content of undisturbed loess in LongDong is 0.4581, the residual volume water content is 0.1303, the inlet value is about 10kPa; compared with the predicted value of shear strength and the measured value, 4 kinds of common soil water characteristic curves were found to have large error in predicting the shear strength of unsaturated loess in LongDong. Finally, the shear strength formula of Fredlund double stress variable unsaturated soil was used to better explore the strength characteristics of unsaturated undisturbed loess in LongDong, and the shear strength formula of LongDong unsaturated undisturbed loess was obtained by mathematical formulae.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and human effects of atmospheric pollution in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). An AQI(Air Quality Index)-based weighted co-word method is applied to explore the characteristics of keywords taken from the data, using authoritative media sources and government reports. Hierarchical clustering techniques are utilized to classify and visualize the keywords and display the different types of incidents. The results reveal the following four main clusters: enterprise pollution, coal-burning pollution, traffic pollution, and air pollutants. Cluster 1 is divided into 7 sub-clusters to offer powerful insight into the structural characteristics of industrial activities. This study is one of the first attempts to use a bibliometric approach to visualize the underlying and interconnected sub-clusters from grey data. It also provides an atmospheric pollution mapping for formulating government policies by understanding the human effects of air pollution incidents.
In recent years, with the accelerating global resources depletion and increasing environment deterioration,sustainable development has become common understanding of best strategy in long-term development of human being. Green building has been the hottest keyword in building industry. This paper expounds the updated research of green building situation and trend,and investigate the green building development of DongYing City. The results indicated that green building development in China was still in the primary stage,the evaluation of green building would become national popular,the number of certified green building would increase year by year,and the development of green building in China was in the stage from light green to dark green.
ABSTRACT
To develop a damage index to describe the stress-strain relationship of red clay in Guilin, the undrained triaxial tests of intact red clay under various confining pressures were conducted. Firstly, the initial deformation modulus was analyzed based on the hyperbolic strain-stress relationship and deformation modulus-confining pressure relationship. The change law of secant modulus and strain threshold value were determined based on the relationship between the axial strain and secant modulus. The variable D related with the initial elastic modulus and secant modulus are used as damage index, which increased with the increase of the principal stress difference, showing a linear relationship. The damage index was correlated with the axial strain exponentially, indicating that the damage of red clay was irreversible. The proposed variable D was used in the nonlinear damages mechanics model to compare with experimental data, and the constitutive model based on the damage index D reflected the experiment results and fitted the stress-strain curves of the red clay.
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