OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and related factors of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention of the comorbidity. METHODS The data were obtained from the database of all designated medical institutions in Beijing from 2015 to 2017. Data of the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected for descriptive analysis, and a Logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS A total of 1 046 264 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus adult patients were included in our study, with an average age of 63.07 years, and 50.78% were males. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there were 341 561 cases with osteoarthritis, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis was 32.65%. The prevalence of females (38.05%) was higher than that of males (27.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Osteoarthritis occurred in all age groups among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the highest prevalence of osteoarthritis in the age group of 65-69 years (36.76%), and the lowest prevalence in the age group ≤44 years (14.3%). Before the age of 70, the prevalence increased with age. Further analysis of related factors for osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed that female (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.61-1.63), age (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01), had other comorbidities (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.18-1.21), used hypoglycemic drugs (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.78-0.80), having the cardiovascular disease (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.11-1.15), having cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.23-1.28), and having nephropathy (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.51-1.71) were associated with the osteoarthritis in the type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the prevalence of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high in Beijing area. Health education and disease monitoring should be strengthened in middle-aged and elderly patients. Screening for comorbidities should be carried out as soon as possible, with the focus on menopausal women.
The effects of mechanical stress stimulation on bone fracture healing have been documented clinically over many years, and it has been known for some time that appropriate mechanical stimulation facilitates bone fracture healing. However, several studies have reported that certain types of stimulation can prevent bone union. Although many experiments have been conducted to determine the effects of mechanical stress stimulation on bone fracture healing, no conclusive findings have been made on the relationship between stimulation type and bone fracture healing. In this paper, the optimal mechanical stress stimulation for bone fracture healing was investigated. A total of 108 healthy rabbits were used to establish the V-shape tibial fracture models and determine the fracture healing effects at six(6) mechanical stress levels (s = 0, 1.13, 2.90, 3.97, 4.73, 6.02 kgf/ cm2) and four(4) fracture healing time points (t = 1, 3, 5, 8 weeks). The fracture healing was monitored by X-ray radiography. The radiographic findings were compared for each postoperative period. The experimental results were as follows: At 1 or 3 weeks after operations, no obvious healing effects could be found. At 5 weeks after operations, there existed a -shape relationship between healing score and mechanical stress of bone fracture. The optimal stress stimulation levels ranged from 2.90 to 4.73 kgf/cm2. These were the following fracture healing effects. When s= 2.90, 3.97, 4.73 kgf/cm2, the bone fracture line became indistinct or almost disappeared, and a great amount of callus had been able to joint two fracture ends. When s = 6.02 kgf/ cm2, bone fracture line was still clearly or partly visible, although a great amount of internal callus had been able to joint the related bone fracture ends. When s = 0, 1.13 kgf/cm2,bone fracture lines were very clearly visible and only little callus between two fracture ends was seen. At 8 weeks after operation, there also existed a -shape relationship between healing score and mechanical stress of bone fracture. It was similar to the healing effects at 8 weeks after operation. However, when s= 2.90, 3.97, 4.73 kgf/cm2, the bone fracture healing effect was better at 8 weeks than at 5 weeks after operation. In conclusion, the authors had described an open tibial fracture model of the midshaft tibia that showed distinctive patterns of bone fracture healing. Furthermore, it was implied from the stated x-ray observation results that the potential optimal mechanical stress stimulation and optimal fracture healing time were available. In detail, the mechanical stress level of 2.90-4.73 kgf/cm2 and fracture healing time of more than five(5) weeks comprised the optimal mechanical stress stimulation conditions to enhance tibial fracture healing.
Delays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) increase the risk of transmission and severity of the disease. Little information is available on PTB patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).To examine the impact of DM on delays in diagnosing PTB and the effect of diagnostic delay on the clinical presentation of PTB among patients in Beijing, China.In a cross-sectional study conducted in two PTB dispensaries of Beijing, all confirmed PTB patients were screened for DM. Data relating to diagnostic delay and clinical presentation of PTB were collected and analysed.Of 1126 PTB patients selected, 182 (16.2%) were identified as having DM. The median delay for PTB patients with DM (25 days) was significantly higher than that of PTB patients without DM (6 days). In a subgroup analysis, diagnostic delay was associated with smear positivity among PTB patients with DM (OR 3.10, 95%CI 1.66-5.76) and associated with smear positivity (OR 4.38, 95%CI 3.19-6.04), pulmonary cavities (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.85-3.71) and more symptoms (OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.20-2.73) among PTB patients without DM.DM was associated with longer diagnostic delays, which in turn was associated with more serious clinical presentations of PTB. It is thus necessary to examine risk factors associated with diagnostic delay among PTB patients with and without DM.
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