Kindra D. Nicholaides

Indigo Information Services (United States)

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M. Bayani Cardenas

The University of Texas at Austin

George W. Kling

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Bethany T. Neilson

Utah State University

M. O'Connor

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Michael T. O’Connor

The University of Texas at Austin

Rebecca R. Nunu

Southwest Research Institute

Mauricio E. Flores

University of La Serena

Ronald T. Green

Southwest Research Institute

Yongli Gao

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Ronald Green

DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory

Cooperative Institutions

The University of Texas at Austin

Southwest Research Institute

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Utah State University

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Xi'an Shiyou University

Henan Institute of Geological Survey

Institute of Oceanology

South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology

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Active Layer Groundwater Flow: The Interrelated Effects of Stratigraphy, Thaw, and Topography

Water Resources Research (2019)

Michael T. O’Connor M. Bayani Cardenas Bethany T. Neilson Kindra D. Nicholaides George W. Kling

Abstract The external drivers and internal controls of groundwater flow in the thawed “active layer” above permafrost are poorly constrained because they are dynamic and spatially variable. Understanding these controls is critical because groundwater can supply solutes such as dissolved organic matter to surface water bodies. We calculated steady‐state three‐dimensional suprapermafrost groundwater flow through the active layer using measurements of aquifer geometry, saturated thickness, and hydraulic properties collected from two major landscape types over time within a first‐order Arctic watershed. The depth position and thickness of the saturated zone is the dominant control of groundwater flow variability between sites and during different times of year. The effect of water table depth on groundwater flow dwarfs the effect of thaw depth. In landscapes with low land‐surface slopes (2–4%), a combination of higher water tables and thicker, permeable peat deposits cause relatively constant groundwater flows between the early and late thawed seasons. Landscapes with larger land‐surface slopes (4–10%) have both deeper water tables and thinner peat deposits; here the commonly observed permeability decrease with depth is more pronounced than in flatter areas, and groundwater flows decrease significantly between early and late summer as the water table drops. Groundwater flows are also affected by microtopographic features that retain groundwater that could otherwise be released as the active layer deepens. The dominant sources of groundwater, and thus dissolved organic matter, are likely wet, flatter regions with thick organic layers. This finding informs fluid flow and solute transport dynamics for the present and future Arctic.

Groundwater model

Groundwater discharge

Subsurface Flow

10.1029/2018wr024636

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The Effects of Different Scales of Topographic Variation on Shallow Groundwater Flow in an Arctic Watershed

AGUFM (2017)

Kindra D. Nicholaides M. O'Connor M. Bayani Cardenas Bethany T. Neilson George W. Kling

Variation (astronomy)

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Enhanced Water Resources Risk from Collocation of Disposal Wells and Legacy Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Regions in Texas

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (2022)

Nick Martin Kindra D. Nicholaides Paul Southard

ABSTRACT An existing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for Class I hazardous waste (Class IH) injection well systems is extended for dynamic risk analysis and modified for Class II disposal well systems, which inject large volumes of “exempt” oil and gas (OG) exploration and production (E&P) waste. Disposal system failure is release of waste to the biosphere, including underground sources of drinking water. Comparative PRA analysis of generic Class IH and generic Texas Class II disposal systems suggests Class II systems are 50 times more likely to fail than Class IH systems due to different requirements for pressure monitoring, waste migration monitoring, and number of confining layers. The generic Texas Class II disposal well PRA was extended to portray a generic disposal system in Dimmit County, Texas, which is a legacy OG E&P region, and to account for the increased likelihood of waste migration pathways from unknown wells and plug failure of abandoned wells. Legacy oil‐related activities increase the probability of waste migration pathways because well construction, regulatory protections, and information tracking technologies have improved during the last 40 years. The system failure likelihood for Class II disposal well systems, collocated with legacy and active OG activities, is twice that for generic Texas Class II disposal systems, and failure likelihood increases with the assumed proportion of unknown wells to known wells.

waste disposal

10.1111/1752-1688.13048

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Citations (1)

Predictability of variable arctic soil hydraulic and thermal properties, and implications of such variability on future thaw

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2018)

Michael T. O’Connor Kindra D. Nicholaides M. Bayani Cardenas Bethany T. Neilson George W. Kling

Predictability

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EXAMINING HYDROCHEMISTRY IN TEXAS AND COAHUILA DE ZARAGOZA TO CONSTRAIN THE SOURCE AREA OF GOODENOUGH SPRING, AMISTAD RESERVOIR, U.S.-MEXICO BORDER REGION