The XPS of the novel sulfur-bridged binuclear β-diketonatoruthenium complexes of [Ru(acac)2(μ-topd-O,S,O′)] (acac = acetylacetonato and topd = 3-thioxo-2,4-pentanedione) and a monomeric ruthenium complex of [Ru(acac)2(topd-O,S)] were measured in order to obtain the information for the valence of the ruthenium, together with those of [RuII(acac)2(CH3CN)2] and [RuIII(acac)3] as the reference compounds of RuII and RuIII, respectively. The Ru 3d5/2 binding energy of [Ru(acac)2(topd-O,S)] (282.4 eV) is almost the same as that found for [RuIII(acac)3] (282.8 eV). Such an energy value is an indication of the presence of RuIII. However, the binding energy of Ru 3d5/2 for binuclear complex is 282.2 eV which is intermediate between RuII and RuIII found in [RuII(acac)2(CH3CN)2] (281.3 eV) and [RuIII(acac)3]. This means that the binuclear complex contains both RuII and RuIII and there could be some kind of delocalization of electron between the two ruthenium atoms via topd ligand. Alternatively, this can be described as a valence-averaged mixed-valent RuII and RuIII.
Tailoring the textural properties of porous materials is of paramount importance to optimize their performance in a variety of applications. To this end, critical synthesis parameters influencing crystallization and reorganization of porous materials need to be identified and judiciously controlled. Although the effect of pressure on chemical transformations is ubiquitously present, its impact on fabricating porous materials with tailored physicochemical properties remains unexplored and its potential untapped. In this work, we disclose a detailed study on the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the formation of well-controlled intracrystalline mesopores in ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite by the so-called surfactant-templating method. The rate of mesopore formation significantly increases upon elevating the pressure, whereas the average size of the mesopores─directed by the self-assembly of the surfactant─decreases. By simultaneously adjusting the external pressure and selecting surfactants of different lengths, we have been able to precisely control the mesopore size in the USY zeolite. Our findings clearly show that external hydrostatic pressure can be used to both accelerate mesopore formation and engineer their size with subnanometer precision. As a second example, we investigated the effect of external pressure on the synthesis of MCM-41. The results on MCM-41, consistent with our observations on the USY zeolite, further confirm that the use of high external pressure greatly affects the self-assembly behaviors of the amphiphilic molecules involved in the synthesis/modification of the porous materials. Our results show that the high-pressure approach represents an untapped opportunity for synthesis/modification of functional porous materials that will likely yield new discoveries in this field.
Porous carbongel beads supporting Co or Ni were prepared to enhance decomposition of phenol in water with ozone oxidation. The carbongel beads were synthesized by carbonization of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gel beads whose diameter was approximately 1 mm. Co and Ni were supported on carbongel beads by impregnation with soluble nitrate salts of Co and Ni followed by thermal decomposition and post-oxidation treatment. In the experiments to decompose phenol, the enhancement effects of the carbongels supporting Co or Ni were observed, in which the degradation rate of phenol with these gels were larger than that with pristine carbongel or without any carbongel. In comparison between Co and Ni, Co showed larger enhancement effect. In these experiments, the concentration of the residual ozone in water was monitored. It was revealed that the residual ozone is significantly reduced when Co was used. In the experiments with varied temperature 5, 15, 25°C, the phenol degradation rate became the highest when the temperature was 5°C, while the higher temperature of 25°C was preferable when a reduced concentration of residual ozone is demanded.
Two hundred and fifty strains of molds including plant pathogenic microorganisms werecultured on solid media, and the production of pectolytic enzymes was followed by theclarification of fruit juice. Forty-four of them were found to have the action of clarifyingfruit juice.Out of the said 44 strains, the following 7 strains, Coniothyrium diplodiella, Agaricuscapentris, Botrytis cinerea Penicillium citrinum, Sclerotinia libertiana, Carpenteles javanicus and Aspergillus niger, were choosen as producers of effective pectolytic enzymes, and C.diplodiella proved the most active of all in clarifying fruit juice and hydrolyzing pectin or pectic acid.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
