This article summarizes the highlights of the 1993 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. These guidelines provide nurses and patients with important information about therapies for hypertension (e.g. lifestyle modification and pharmacologic therapy); treatment for specific populations (e.g. black, young, pregnant, and elderly patients); and, factors which cause hypertension (e.g. cocaine, lithotripsy, cyclosporine, and erythropoietin). This article addresses antihypertensive drugs and provides an algorithm for the treatment of hypertension. The implications for nurses in view of these new guidelines are also presented.
Gaocha is a kind of succedaneous tea beverage made by the tender shoots of Acer ginnala Maxim, widely distributed in China and Korea, which is used as a functional tea beverage with a long history since 2000 BC. It has been used as folk medicine to depress blood pressure, however, little study has been reported on its antihypertensive mechanism. Thus, the present paper aimed at elucidating the bioactive constitutes in Gaocha extract and its effect of anti-hypertension on spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. In this study, the phenolic compounds composition analysis showed that the total polyphenol content can reach 75.4 mg/g in the dried Gaocha extract, and the content of epicatechin was 32.68 mg/g, indicating Gaocha may have many bioactivities. Therefore, in order to evaluate the anti-hypertension potential value of Gaochaextract, its effect on spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats was examined. Male SHR rats were randomly divided into the model (saline), positive control (captopril), low-dose Gaocha, medium-dose Gaocha and high-dose Gaocha groups. Every group was administered for 16 days. The results of tail artery systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed the Gaocha-treated groups had significantly lower SBP than the model group. Post-treatment abdominal aorta blood samples showed that the serum PGI2, Angiotensin II, ET, and NO levels in Gaocha-treated groups were significantly higher than these in the model group. After treated by Gaocha extract, the serum IL-6 and TNF-αlevels were significantly lower than these in the model group. The histomorphological examination of the heart and kidney also showed that Gaocha extract had a protective effect. Gaocha extract contained high level of polyphenols with epicatechin as the predominant individual phenolic compound and has a significant improvement of anti-hypertension on spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. The findings indicated that supplementation with Gaocha may contribute to preventing hypertension.
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