Background: Thalassemia is more prevalent in India. The main treatment of Thalassemia is blood transfusion. But the transfusion of blood has many side effects like iron overload, transfusion related infections etc. The objectives of the study were to assess the adequacy of blood transfusion for thalassemic patients and to determine the magnitude of transfusion transmitted infections among those patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal for 1 month with the sample size of 116. The blood samples from the patients were taken from the patients attending for blood transfusion in transfusion centre of Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital for two weeks dated from 24.04.2017 to 05.05.2017 to check for the hemoglobin, ferritin level and hepatitis B, C and HIV infection.Results: Among the 116 patients, even after transfusion, 94% of the study participants have their hemoglobin levels below 7 gm/dl. Only 2 individuals got their hemoglobin levels more than 9 gm/dl and only 1 patient got HIV infection post transfusion which accounts for 0.9% of study population.Conclusions: Frequent Hb estimation will help to maintain the adequacy of blood transfusion and proper screening of the blood before transfusion can help in reducing these transfusion transmitted infections.
Abstract Background Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a readily treatable cause of visual impairment (VI). This study provides updated estimates of global and regional vision loss due to URE, presenting temporal change for VISION 2020 Methods Data from population-based eye disease surveys from 1980–2018 were collected. Hierarchical models estimated prevalence (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]) of blindness (presenting visual acuity (VA) < 3/60) and moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI; 3/60 ≤ presenting VA < 6/18) caused by URE, stratified by age, sex, region, and year. Near VI prevalence from uncorrected presbyopia was defined as presenting near VA < N6/N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance (VA ≥ 6/12). Results In 2020, 3.7 million people (95%UI 3.10–4.29) were blind and 157 million (140–176) had MSVI due to URE, a 21.8% increase in blindness and 72.0% increase in MSVI since 2000. Age-standardised prevalence of URE blindness and MSVI decreased by 30.5% (30.7–30.3) and 2.4% (2.6–2.2) respectively during this time. In 2020, South Asia GBD super-region had the highest 50+ years age-standardised URE blindness (0.33% (0.26–0.40%)) and MSVI (10.3% (8.82–12.10%)) rates. The age-standardized ratio of women to men for URE blindness was 1.05:1.00 in 2020 and 1.03:1.00 in 2000. An estimated 419 million (295–562) people 50+ had near VI from uncorrected presbyopia, a +75.3% (74.6–76.0) increase from 2000 Conclusions The number of cases of VI from URE substantively grew, even as age-standardised prevalence fell, since 2000, with a continued disproportionate burden by region and sex. Global population ageing will increase this burden, highlighting urgent need for novel approaches to refractive service delivery.
In woman's life menopause can cause psychological and somatic disturbances. Psychological and behavioural intervention is effective in reducing menopause-related symptoms.The present study was done to find effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioural therapy (MBCT) on quality of life among menopausal women.The present study was double-blind randomized trial conducted among menopausal women at tertiary care hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted among 50 women who had attained menopause. They were randomly divided into intervention (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. The MBCT was given once a week to intervention group over eight one-hour sessions and control group received no intervention. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, Kupperman's index, and menopause-related quality of life questionnaire, which were fulfilled by both groups before, immediately after, and 2 weeks after completion of intervention. Paired t-test was applied before intervention and at 10 weeks for both the groups.The difference between the scores before and after intervention i.e after 10 weeks in all the domains and total domain was significant in intervention group compared to control group.Mindfulness based approaches may improve severity of vasomotor and psychological symptoms of menopause, thus enhancing quality of life.
Dengue fever is endemic in over 100 countries, with the majority of cases reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Dengue fever is endemic in almost every state in India, and it is the leading cause of hospitalisation. The presentation may vary from being asymptomatic to having mild syndrome. Among other neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, oculomotor neuropathy, optic neuropathy and unilateral abducens nerve palsy has been reported but to the best of authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of dengue virus related type three internuclear Ophthalmoplegia. A 47-year-old male patient presented with complaints of fever on and off for the last 3 days along with speech defects. At admission his blood pressure was 120/86 mmHg, pulse rate was 96 per minute. Oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) was 94%. He was thoroughly investigated for various viral and bacterial infections, none of which was detected in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) serum test. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against Hepatitis C Virus (anti-HCV), antibody against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1/2 (anti-HIV 1/2) were all negative. Anti-dengue virus Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was found to be positive. The patient complained of double vision and on examination diplopia in both lateral gaze with maximum separation of images in right gaze. Due to the wider range of possible presentations, it is imperative to consistently follow-up with all dengue patients to check for any neurological sequalae.
Objective: To assess the perception of medical school students on their learning environment and to evaluate the association between their academic performance and perception.Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in one public and one private medical school in Delhi and Tamil Nadu states of India, respectively, among 415 medical students using systematic random sampling.Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to assess the perception of the educational environment.Academic performance was analysed using the average percentage of marks scored from the recently passed final university examination scores.
According to the report on tobacco control in India, tobacco use causes eight to nine lakh deaths annually in India. Tobacco use is on the rise among youngsters especially the college students. The Government of India has made a mandatory display of pictorial health warnings for both smoking and smokeless forms of tobacco products under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Product Act, 2003. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco smoking and to assess nicotine dependence among the college students of the University of Delhi.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 college students of Delhi University from October to December 2019. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data on smoking; pictorial warnings and Fragerstrom criteria were used to assess nicotine dependence.Out of the 400 study participants 92 (23%) participants were ever smokers. Among 62 current smokers, the mean age (±SD) of initiation of smoking was 17.3 years (±2.07), median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 3 (2-6), a majority (80.7%) used to smoke after 30 min of waking up in the morning, majority (59.7%) had low nicotine dependence. About half of the past smokers 47% (14 out of 30) and the current smokers 58% (36 out of 62) told that they had no effect of pictorial warning for quitting or decreasing smoking.The present study revealed the tobacco smoking pattern among college students of Delhi. The majority of smokers and non-smokers perceived that pictorial warning is ineffective in driving to quit smoking.
Telemedicine has emerged to be key player in healthcare delivery in underserved areas. Successful telemedicine projects in India like the Aravind tele-ophthalmology network, the Kerala Onconet project and the Amrita mobile telemedicine unit are an inspiration for future endeavors. While improved access to healthcare, decreased healthcare costs and time saving were lauded as the strengths of telemedicine, the fact that very few reliable literature and statistics is available for the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and the need for specialized equipment and training are weakening the potential telemedicine boom. As reluctance for acceptance by the public, lack of medicolegal protocols and an authoritative regulatory body are threatening the future of telemedicine, we hope that the establishment of virtual medical centers and international collaboration in the field of telemedicine and its inclusion in government programmes like PMJAY- Ayushman Bharath will prove to be a step towards a brighter future for telemedicine in India.
Background: Community medicine strives to protect and promote the health and well-being of the community through primary health care approach. However the preference of community medicine as career among medical school students and curriculum of community medicine is pivotal. Aim: The study intended to find the attitude towards learning of community medicine and also to assess the preference of post graduation specialty among medical school students. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at a teaching hospital located in Tamil Nadu, South India. The study questionnaire was administered to a total of 500 study participants and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS IBM version 21.0. Results: Almost 97% were of the opinion that community medicine subject is mandatory. Eighty three percent were interested in learning the principles. Only 21.8% students wanted to pursue post graduation in community medicine. Lack of attraction in terms of scientific technical interest, workplace conditions, and research potential has been reported for being not interested. Conclusion: Majority enjoyed to learn principles of community medicine at undergraduate curriculum but only few preferred to opt community medicine as post graduate specialty. Therefore there is a room to influence the medical students positively towards learning community medicine in curriculum.
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