In many real-time applications, the deployment of deep neural networks is constrained by high computational cost and efficient lightweight neural networks are widely concerned. In this paper, we propose that depthwise convolution (DWC) is used to expand the number of channels in a bottleneck block, which is more efficient than 1 x 1 convolution. The proposed Pointwise-Standard-Depthwise network (PSDNet) based on channel expansion with DWC has fewer number of parameters, less computational cost and higher accuracy than corresponding ResNet on CIFAR datasets. To design more efficient lightweight concolutional neural netwok, Depthwise-Pointwise-Depthwise inverted bottleneck block (DPD block) is proposed and DPDNet is designed by stacking DPD block. Meanwhile, the number of parameters of DPDNet is only about 60% of that of MobileNetV2 for networks with the same number of layers, but can achieve approximated accuracy. Additionally, two hyperparameters of DPDNet can make the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost, which makes DPDNet suitable for diverse tasks. Furthermore, we find the networks with more DWC layers outperform the networks with more 1x1 convolution layers, which indicates that extracting spatial information is more important than combining channel information.
vSET (a viral SET domain protein) is an attractive polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) surrogate to study the effect of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation on gene transcription, as both catalyze histone H3K27 trimethylation. To control the enzymatic activity of vSET in vivo with an engineered S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) analogue as methyl donor cofactor, we have carried out structure-guided design, synthesis, and characterization of orthogonal vSET methyltransferase mutant/SAM analogue pairs using a "bump-and-hole" strategy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by mutation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), affects various cellular processes and results in the death of motor neurons with fatal defects. Currently, several neurological disorders associated with DNA damage are known to directly induce neurodegenerative diseases. In this research, we found that cytoplasmic restriction of SOD1G93A, which inhibited the nucleic translocation of SOD1WT, was directly related to increasing DNA damage in SOD1- mutated ALS disease. Our study showed that nucleic transport of DNA repair- processing proteins, such as p53, APEX1, HDAC1, and ALS- linked FUS were interfered with under increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the presence of SOD1G93A. During aging, the unsuccessful recognition and repair process of damaged DNA, due to the mislocalized DNA repair proteins might be closely associated with the enhanced susceptibility of DNA damage in SOD1- mutated neurons. In addition, the co-expression of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) directly interacting with SOD1 protein in neurons enhances the nucleic transport of cytoplasmic- restricted SOD1G93A. Therefore, our results showed that enhanced DNA damage by SOD1 mutation-induced ALS disease and further suggested that PDI could be a strong candidate molecule to protect neuronal apoptosis by reducing DNA damage in ALS disease.
Recently, various attempts have been made to solve plastic waste problems, such as development of biodegradation without producing pollution. Polystyrene (PS) is the fifth most used plastic in many industries; therefore, degrading PS becomes a critical global issue. Here, we reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DSM 50071, initially isolated from the gut of the superworms, Zophobas atratus, and the PS degradation by Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071. We examined PS degradation using electronic microscopy and measured changes in atomic composition and contact angles with water droplets on the PS surface that represents a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. We have further examined chemical structural changes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to confirm the formation of carbonyl groups (C═O) in the oxidation pathway during PS biodegradation. In reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the gene expression level of serine hydrolase (SH) in Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 was highly increased during PS degradation, and the enzyme-mediated biodegradation of PS was further confirmed by the SH inhibitor treatment test. Thus, the significance of these findings goes beyond the discovery of a novel function of Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 in the gut of superworms, highlighting a potential solution for PS biodegradation.
The problem of integrated fault diagnosis of large-scale equipment is solved in this paper based on the information fusion theory.From the basic principle of information fusion point of view,we carry out the analysis on the support of the proof and the conflicts during synthesized fault diagnosis,and take the fault diagnosis of the fans of wind turbine braking systems as an example,showing that the evidence theory can improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
Though the olfactory model entitled KIII has been widely used to pattern recognition, it only can give bare prediction. Combining EM model with the transductive confidence machine, a novel method to recognize hypoxia electroencephalogram (EEG) with a preset confidence level is proposed in this paper. This method can make prediction with confidence measure rather than bare prediction. The experimental results of classifying normal and hypoxia EEGs show that the method can set confidence level in advance for every prediction to control the risk of error effectively.
<p>Large quantities of plastic waste represent a grave social issue. Various attempts have been made to solve plastic waste problems, such as methods of natural plastic degradation. Currently, polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used plastics in many industries; therefore, degrading PS becomes a critical global issue. In this study, we isolated <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., a strain of plastic-degrading bacteria known to survive only in the soil, from the gut of the superworms. Thus far, the degradation of PS by <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. has barely been explored. We examined PS degradation using electronic microscopy, and measured changes in atomic distribution and contact angles with water droplets on the PS surface that represent a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. During the process of PS degradation by <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., we examined chemical structural changes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to check for the formation of C=O bonds and changes towards hydrophilicity. RT-qPCR was used to measure the gene expression level of <a></a><a>serine hydrolase </a>in <i>Pseudomonas</i>, an enzyme that mediates the plastic degradation. Our findings indicate that <i>Pseudomonas</i> present in the gut of the superworms participates in the degradation of plastics following ingestion. Moreover, this study also identified a candidate enzyme related to PS degradation in <i>Pseudomonas</i> for the first time. Thus, the findings of this study prove significance not only in presenting a novel function of <i>Pseudomonas</i> in the gut of superworms, but also in highlighting a potential solution for PS degradation.<b></b></p>
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