Mineral supplementation is important whenever any dietary deficiencies of these nutrients occur. However, an excessive consumption of such products can lead to the negative health consequences.To estimate the mineral supplements contribution to total dietary intake for adults living in Warsaw.Within the frame of the EHES JA Poland and WAW-KARD Projects a representative sample of Warsaw population aged 20 years and above was screened in years 2011/2012. Nutrient intake and supplements use were available for 573 men and 497 women. The minerals levels were analyzed in reference to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).In Warsaw population the intake of calcium, magnesium and potassium were lower than RDA, and supplementation didn't eliminate deficiency of these nutrients (except for magnesium in a group of women). Phosphorus intakes were somewhat higher than those recommended. Enriching the diet with zinc and copper supplements in both sexes were un- necessary, as was iron in men, as their daily dietary intakes closely met the recommended standards. Iron supplementation in women however proved effective, as their daily dietary intakes were rather low.The effectiveness of supplementing the diets of adults living in Warsaw with minerals depends on their type.
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in dietary habits and the realization degree of the recommended dietary allowances of vitamins and minerals intake in the diet of the Warsaw inhabitants in the 8-year period. In years 1993 and 2001 dietary habits where assessed according to 1485 and 836 randomly selected 35-64 year old men and women. Over the observation period substantial changes in food consumption pattern were noticed: the percentage of energy from fat decreased from 39.9% to 37.8% in men and from 38.2% to 35.9% in women, the percentage of energy from saturated fatty acids decreased from 14.0% to 12.4% in men and from 13.5% to 11.9% in women, the percentage from carbohydrates increased from 46.0% to 47.5% and from 47.5% to 49.6% and dietary fibre intake from 21.5 g to 22.8 g and from 15.7 g to 17.5 g respectively. In 2001 in comparison with 1993 intakes of vitamins C and B2, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron were higher in both genders, vitamin B1 in men and E in women. Despite those positive changes still in year 2001 fibre, vitamins B1 and B2 and analyzed minerals intake was on too low level. The highest deficiency has been noticed in calcium intake in both genders and iron in women-the realization degree of recommended intake has stayed on 60-67% level.
Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents' physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world's child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15-19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.
The primary aim of the study was to estimate the consumption of polyphenols in a population of 6661 subjects aged between 20 and 74 years representing a cross-section of the Polish society, and the second objective was to compare the intakes of flavonoids calculated on the basis of the two commonly used databases. Daily food consumption data were collected in 2003–2005 using a single 24-hour dietary recall. Intake of total polyphenols was estimated using an online Phenol-Explorer database, and flavonoid intake was determined using following data sources: the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database combined of flavonoid and isoflavone databases, and the Phenol-Explorer database. Total polyphenol intake, which was calculated with the Phenol-Explorer database, was 989 mg/day with the major contributions of phenolic acids 556 mg/day and flavonoids 403.5 mg/day. The flavonoid intake calculated on the basis of the USDA databases was 525 mg/day. This study found that tea is the primary source of polyphenols and flavonoids for the studied population, including mainly flavanols, while coffee is the most important contributor of phenolic acids, mostly hydroxycinnamic acids. Our study also demonstrated that flavonoid intakes estimated according to various databases may substantially differ. Further work should be undertaken to expand polyphenol databases to better reflect their food contents.
Some vitamins and minerals play an important role in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was the assessment of dietary vitamins and minerals intake and patterns of supplement use among subjects with diagnosed CVD in Polish population. Within the frame of the WOBASZ study, a representative sample of whole Polish population aged 20-74 (7257 subjects) was screened in 2003-2005. A subsample of 803 persons with a clinical history of cardiovascular events was analyzed. It was found, that the average diet of adult Polish citizens with established CVD was not balanced concerning the intake of vitamins and minerals. Daily intake of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) and vitamin B12 was satisfactory the realization degree of recommended dietary allowances (RDA) was about 126-310%. The insufficient amounts of vitamins B1, B2, folates, as well as potassium, calcium, magnesium in diet of both genders and vitamin B6 in men and iron in women were noted. The highest deficiency has been noticed in vitamins B1, B2 and calcium and magnesium intake--the realization degree of RDA has stayed on 54-82% level. Around 1% of potassium, calcium and magnesium intake in both genders and more than 25% of vitamins E and B6 consumption in women derived from the supplementation.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) and the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women. Participants were 916 postmenopausal women diagnosed with CVD and 1683 postmenopausal women without history of CVD, who took part in the population-based studies carried out in Poland: WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Nutritional data were collected using a single 24-hour dietary recall. DPI and DTAC in the CVD women were significantly lower and accounted for 1766.39 mg/d and 10.84 mmol/d, respectively, versus 1920.57 mg/d and 11.85 mmol/d in the women without CVD, but these differences disappeared after the standardization for energy input. Also, in the multiple-adjustment model, higher DPI, but not DTAC, was associated with the reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of CVD. Beverages, mainly coffee and tea, contributed in more than 40% to DPI and in more than a half to DTAC. In this study, higher dietary polyphenol intake, but not the dietary total antioxidant capacity, was inversely associated with CVD in postmenopausal women, which points to the health benefits of increased polyphenol intake from food sources for these women.
Abstract The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an updated and comprehensive assessment of the global burden attributable to SSBs remains scarce. Here we estimated SSB-attributable T2D and CVD burdens across 184 countries in 1990 and 2020 globally, regionally and nationally, incorporating data from the Global Dietary Database, jointly stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and urbanicity. In 2020, 2.2 million (95% uncertainty interval 2.0–2.3) new T2D cases and 1.2 million (95% uncertainty interval 1.1–1.3) new CVD cases were attributable to SSBs worldwide, representing 9.8% and 3.1%, respectively, of all incident cases. Globally, proportional SSB-attributable burdens were higher among men versus women, younger versus older adults, higher- versus lower-educated adults, and adults in urban versus rural areas. By world region, the highest SSB-attributable percentage burdens were in Latin America and the Caribbean (T2D: 24.4%; CVD: 11.3%) and sub-Saharan Africa (T2D: 21.5%; CVD: 10.5%). From 1990 to 2020, the largest proportional increases in SSB-attributable incident T2D and CVD cases were in sub-Saharan Africa (+8.8% and +4.4%, respectively). Our study highlights the countries and subpopulations most affected by cardiometabolic disease associated with SSB consumption, assisting in shaping effective policies and interventions to reduce these burdens globally.
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