Luca Bucchini

FIT Consulting (Italy)

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Jonathan Bisson

University of Illinois Chicago

Stefan Gafner

Botanical Society of America

Antonella Guzzon

University of Rome Tor Vergata

Guido F. Pauli

University of Illinois Chicago

Patrizia Restani

University of Milan

James B. McAlpine

University of Illinois Chicago

Shao‐Nong Chen

University of Illinois Chicago

J. Brent Friesen

University of Illinois Chicago

Seon Beom Kim

Pusan National University

David C. Lankin

University of Illinois Chicago

Cooperative Institutions

Barcelona Institute for Global Health

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

Pompeu Fabra University

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Imperial College London

Wageningen University & Research

Food & Nutrition

University of Manchester

Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology

Norwegian Institute of Public Health

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The Untargeted Capability of NMR Recognizes Adulterated Natural Products

Seon Beom Kim Jonathan Bisson J. Brent Friesen Luca Bucchini Stefan Gafner

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has a long ethnomedical background for common ailments, and Dietary Supplements (DS) labelled as “Curcumin” (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s selfmedication market. Due to cost pressure, these CDS products are affected by economically motivated adulteration with synthetic curcumin and are associated with unexpected toxicological issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multi-solvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chemical fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR identified significant residual impurities. While the loss free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chemical components and increased dynamic range, (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chemical constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent a relatively minor gap in the mass balance of a DS product. The chemical information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two commercial samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clinical effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted analytical principle of 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of DS by identifying adulterated, non-natural “natural” products

Proton NMR

Natural product

10.26434/chemrxiv.13173698.v1

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A Framework for the Assessment and Management of Risks in Eastern European and Developing Countries

Springer eBooks (2001)

Luca Bucchini Damian Maher D. M. Simonson

10.1007/978-94-010-0987-4_23

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Citations (1)

Nutri-RecQuest: a web-based search engine on current micronutrient recommendations

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010)

Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars Agneš Kadvan Esmée L. Doets Jasna Tepšić R Novaković

Excellence

10.1038/ejcn.2010.60

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Citations (29)

Food Composition Data and Tools Online and Their Use in Research and Policy: EuroFIR AISBL Contribution in 2022

Nutrients (2022)

Alessandra Durazzo Siân Astley María Kapsokefalou H.S. Costa Angelika Mantur-Vierendeel

Food, nutrition, and health are linked, and detailed knowledge of nutrient compositions and bioactive characteristics is needed to understand these relationships. Additionally, increasingly these data are required by database systems and applications. This communication aims to describe the contribution to databases and nutrition fields as well as the activities of EuroFIR AISBL; this member-based, non-profit association was founded to ensure sustained advocacy for food information in Europe and facilitate improved data quality, storage, and access as well as encouraging wider exploitation of food composition data for both research and commercial purposes. In addition to the description of its role and main objectives, a snapshot of EuroFIR AISBL’s activities over the years is also given using a quantitative research literature analysis approach. The focus of this communication is to provide descriptions and updates of EuroFIR’s online tools, i.e., FoodEXplorer, eBASIS, and PlantLIBRA, by highlighting the main uses and applications. Integrating food-related infrastructures and databases, following standardized and harmonized approaches, and considering interoperability and metrological principles are significant challenges. Ongoing activities and future plans of EuroFIR AISBL are highlighted, including, for instance, work within the Food Nutrition Security Cloud (FNS-Cloud) to make food, nutrition, and (food) security data more findable, accessible, interoperable, and ultimately reusable.

Food composition data

Snapshot (computer storage)

10.3390/nu14224788

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Clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods.

Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Jonathan A. Bernstein Jonathan A. Bernstein Luca Bucchini Lynn R. Goldman Robert G. Hamilton

Technology has improved the food supply since the first cultivation of crops. Genetic engineering facilitates the transfer of genes among organisms. Generally, only minute amounts of a specific protein need to be expressed to obtain the desired trait. Food allergy affects only individuals with an abnormal immunologic response to food--6% of children and 1.5-2% of adults in the United States. Not all diseases caused by food allergy are mediated by IgE. A number of expert committees have advised the U.S. government and international organizations on risk assessment for allergenicity of food proteins. These committees have created decision trees largely based on assessment of IgE-mediated food allergenicity. Difficulties include the limited availability of allergen-specific IgE antisera from allergic persons as validated source material, the utility of specific IgE assays, limited characterization of food proteins, cross-reactivity between food and other allergens, and modifications of food proteins by processing. StarLink was a corn variety modified to produce a (Italic)Bacillus thuringiensis(/Italic) (Bt) endotoxin, Cry9C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated 51 reports of possible adverse reactions to corn that occurred after the announcement that StarLink, allowed for animal feed, was found in the human food supply. Allergic reactions were not confirmed, but tools for postmarket assessment were limited. Workers in agricultural and food preparation facilities have potential inhalation exposure to plant dusts and flours. In 1999, researchers found that migrant health workers can become sensitized to certain Bt spore extracts after exposure to Bt spraying.

Oral food challenge

Bacillus thuringiensis

10.1289/ehp.5811

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Citations (85)

The Untargeted Capability of NMR Recognizes Adulterated Natural Products

Seon Beom Kim Jonathan Bisson J. Brent Friesen Luca Bucchini Stefan Gafner

Proton NMR

Natural product

10.26434/chemrxiv.13173698

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Citations (1)

The Untargeted Capability of NMR Helps Recognizing Nefarious Adulteration in Natural Products

Journal of Natural Products (2021)

Seon Beom Kim Jonathan Bisson J. Brent Friesen Luca Bucchini Stefan Gafner

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has an extensive history of ethnomedical use for common ailments, and "curcumin"-containing dietary supplements (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today's self-medication market. Owing to raw material cost pressure, CDS products are affected by economically motivated, nefarious adulteration with synthetic curcumin ("syncumin"), possibly leading to unexpected toxicological issues due to "residual" impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial "turmeric" CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multisolvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chemical fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR spectroscopy identification of significant residual impurities, including potentially toxic components. While the loss-free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chemical components, and also increased the dynamic range of the analysis, (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chemical constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent only a fraction of the mass balance of a dietary supplement product. The chemical information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two commercial samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, respectively, pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clinical effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted analytical principle of the 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level high-field instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of dietary supplements by identifying adulterated, non-natural "natural" products.

Proton NMR

Natural product

10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01196

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Citations (4)

Integrating Science and Policy in Environmental Risk Management

Springer eBooks (2001)

Jo Anne Shatkin L. James Valverde V. Sagrsyan Luca Bucchini

Workgroup

Decision-making

10.1007/978-94-010-0987-4_29

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FOOD ALLERGIES AND EGG ALLERGENS

Mark Roman M. Potroviţă A. Mărculescu M.A. Badea Patrizia Restani

Allergies are the immune system’s inadequate or exaggerated reaction to substances which, in most cases, do not lead to symptoms. The symptoms of allergic diseases can appear as a consequence of chemical substances getting in contact with skin, inhaling of dust, pollen (or other substances) or after the ingestion of certain kinds of food (egg, milk, peanut, hazelnut, soybeans, cereals, fish, crustaceans and Sulphite in concentrations of 10 mg/kg or more ). Allergy to eggs is caused by the immune system’s reaction to some proteins in eggs (Gal d 1, Gal d 2). Egg allergy appears mainly, in children and it is the second most important food allergy. Two factors are necessary for a food allergy to occur – genetic predisposition and exposure to the food. The seriousness of reactions to eggs varies from mild to life-threatening, depending on the person and the amount of egg eaten. The used methods to detect allergens are: Rapid tests, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Electrophoresis techniques, Immunoblotting technique. EC Legislation about food allergens is very important and food producer according to this are obligate to labeling all the ingredients they are used.

Food allergens

Source

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PUBLIC HEALTH BURDEN OF TRIHALOMETHANES IN SELECTED EUROPEAN CITIES

ISEE Conference Abstracts (2011)

Päivi Meriläien Luca Bucchini

Background and Aims: The selection of water treatment methods may have considerable implications for the microbial and chemical quality and furthermore the safety of tap water consumed by over 500 million people in Europe alone. Disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are formed during disinfection treatment of drinking water, may cause serious adverse health effects when exposed to the them. Therefore there is a public health concern on the DBPs in drinking water. Methods: Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated for six European cities: Barcelona (Spain), Modena (Italy), Heraklion (Greece), Bradford (United Kingdom), and Kaunas (Lithuania). To estimate the risks of trihalomethas (THMs) due to tap water consumption via drinking, the risk was calculated for five different exposure scenarios including water filtering and different chlorination doses. Bladder cancer and small for gestational age (SGA) were selected to represent the adverse health outcomes of THMs in drinking water. The exposures from drinking water were calculated with Monte Carlo based modelling software Analytica by using Impact Calculation Tool, which was applied the population structure and growth estimates for each city. Results: Risk estimates show that highest DALYs of bladder cancer and SGA are in Barcelona and Bradford, where the exposure is also highest. Intermediate exposure with lower DALYs is found in Heraklion and Kaunas, and low exposure with low DALYs in Modena. Filtration of drinking water reduces the exposure and DALY estimates significantly. DALY estimates are strongly dependent on the water treatment type such as chlorine dose during disinfection in water treatment. Conclusions: Health risks associated with DBPs in drinking water can be significant public health burden when the exposure levels are high. Even EU's regulatory reference concentration 100 µg/L can result in alarmingly high morbidity and mortality rates, especially when using current THM levels exposure is underestimate of life-time exposures.

Tap water

10.1289/isee.2011.00368

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