This paper introduces the topologies involved in the designing of decoder of different size. Low power and high performance topologies for decoder are line decoding and mixed logic. Line decoding is a method in which non inverting decoder is designed using NOR gates and inverting decoder using NAND gates and higher order decoders are designed using 2–4 decoders as a pre decoders and universal gates. In mixed logic basic gates using dual value logic and transmission gate logic is discussed, these gates are helpful in implementation of 2–4 decoders, based on gate selection two decoders are designed first is non inverting decoder and second is inverting decoder. Two main topologies discussed first is for low power decoders that is focusing on minimum number of transistors and second is high performance decoders that is designed by using extra transistors where complimentary signal is transmitted. For higher order decoders mixed logic design has been used. The low power decoders are designed using low performance (LP) high order decoders and high performance high order decoders are designed using high performance (HP) decoders.
In this paper, sense amplifier based flip flop (SAFF) with different latch designs is implemented and analyzed with respect to minimum voltage supply, delay and power. The conventional SAFF along with Power PC Master Slave flip flop (MSFF) and Pulse triggered flip flop (PTFF) are also discussed. In the result section, the output waveform and parametric analysis of all the SAFFs are implemented and results of comparison of each schematic are also discussed. The schematic of all the flip flops are designed using gdpk90nm and simulated using cadence tool.
This paper deals with the analysis, design and analog based hardware implementation of three different topologies of high frequency isolated AC-DC converters in discontinuous current mode (DCM) of operation for power factor correction and output voltage regulation. These switching converters are designed for low power rating and low output voltage, typically 20.25 W with 13.5 V in DCM operation. Modelling and simulation is carried out in a standard PSIM software environment. Laboratory prototypes of the proposed converters in DCM operation are developed and test results are presented to compare with the simulation results.
India is indeed a multidimensional nation through a population overall 1.27 trillion, expanded across varying areas with high traditions. Specific outfits and clothing have a longer history to analyses. They are committed to the adopting of such popular traditional Indians, who have a longer enriching cultural continuity all over the globe. Technologies & Refurbishments seems to be the giant surge that is currently on the trends. can start with everything from Bell Bottoms, Vintage Fashion, Bobby Print, Smart Textiles, Sadhana, 0 size modulations as well as body modulations such as tattoos, piercing, etc. They always recognize that This is a dress that determines the social character of the individual in society Consequently, our inner Indian civilization is distorting, and everyone should be worried now, because that's on the verge to be diminished in a minute. But, because they realize, our Indian structures will still remain same. Our ancestors see only remnants of the Indians in galleries. Our cultural heritage required to be supported in such a way where these larger particles of other cultures vanish and render our Indian cultures and growth a global forum for holding this nation's cultural treasure intact.
The goal of the article is the design of a Mayfly Optimization-PID Controller (MO-PIDC) to inject an ideal dose of insulin via AP for control of BG level in the Type-I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) patients. This classical controller with optimization technique is seen to improve performance and to make the system robust. Robustness is to be improved by considering control parameter as a function of error. This is utilized in the proposed novel control technique. The nonlinearities present in TIDM patient framework cause BG control issues. The use of AP based Mayfly optimization algorithm efficiently to maintain BG level in the range of normo-glycemia. This proposed patient model with MO-PIDC is analyzed for improved accuracy and stability, enhanced robustness, noise suppression, and better ability to handle uncertainties.
Abstract The productive life of a well can be affected by deterioration of the well integrity which can be due to casing/tubing corrosion, casing damage during drilling/ work over, packer failure, plug failures, cement integrity issues etc. Remedial measures can be executed if the nature of problem is diagnosed. One can receive early warning of a potential problem and obtain data for determining a specific restoration program by running well integrity diagnostic tools. There are various well integrity tools available to cater evaluation needs at present times with different working principles and targeting different well integrity problems such as casing/tubing and cement integrity. However, in challenging situation and complex environments, the tools may not provide complete diagnostics. Production logging can be an effective tool in such scenarios by mapping the flow behaviour in the wellbore and can provide a better idea of the wellbore problems. The well "A" is a development well which was drilled (max angle~ 27º) and completed in the interval X345-X349m and X362-X368m to exploit gas from the reservoir ABC. During initial testing it produced @ 1, 67,000 m3/d with FTHP of 2348psi. Later after acid job rate increased to 2,20,000 m3/d but later well had frequent water loading problem and required frequent activation / stimulation. The well has good reservoir zones as identified on the OH logs, hence, to diagnose the reason for water production, PLT was planned in the well in 2015. The well was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas at an FTHP of 1181psi during that time. Annulus pressure build-up was also observed in the well suggesting integrity issue with packer/tubing. During the PL run, it was observed that the packer has fallen and settled across one the perforation and the flow was observed to be ongoing from inside as well as outside the packer element making the flow interpretation tricky. A proper interpretation was carried out taking into consideration all available data and water entry point was confirmed. Based on the results, a well intervention was carried out and after the job, well started producing 1,50,000 m3/d of gas with 0% water cut whereas before it was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas with 1900 BPD of water. Thus, the intervention resulted in production enhancement by 50% and reduction in water cut by 100%. This paper highlights the proper analysis of the recorded data for diagnosis of the flow condition in an adverse and complex scenario and finding out the water entry point for a proper remediation of the well integrity and production issue.
The hybrid AC-DC microgrid (MG) has gained popularity recently as it offers the benefits of AC and DC systems. Interconnecting AC-DC converters are necessary since the MG has both DC and AC sub-grids. Adding an extra harmonic adjustment mechanism to the interlinking converters is promising because non-linear AC loads can worsen the quality of the voltage on the AC bus. The interlinking converters’ primary function is to interchange real and reactive power between DC and AC sub-grids, so the typical harmonic controlling approach implemented for active power filters (APFs) might not be appropriate for them. When the MG’s capacity is high, it is desirable that the switching frequency be lesser than the APFs. The performance of harmonic correction or even system stability may suffer at low switching frequencies. In this study, a harmonic compensating technique appropriate for hybrid AC-DC interlinking converters with lower switching frequencies is planned. The suggested strategy, modeling techniques, stability analysis, and a thorough virtual impedance design are discussed in this work.
The fastest kinetics of lamellar disintegration (predicted duration of 44 min) in AISI 1080 steel is obtained with a novel approach of incomplete austenitisation-based cyclic heat treatment involving forced air cooling with an air flow rate of 8.7 m3 h−1. A physical model for process kinetics is proposed that involves lamellar fragmentation, lamellar thickening, divorced eutectoid growth and generation of new lamellar faults in remaining cementite lamellae in each cycle. Lamellar fragmentation is accentuated with faster rate of cooling through generation of more intense lamellar faults; but divorced eutectoid growth is ceased. Accordingly, as compared to still air cooling, much faster kinetics of lamellar disintegration is obtained by forced air cooling together with the generation of much smaller submicroscopic cementite particles (containing more proportion of plate-shaped non-spheroids) in divorced eutectoid region.
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)