To investigate the relationship between serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the presence of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM. They were assigned to three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) by SOD levels in both sexes. Clinical characteristics, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy were compared. The relationship between the SOD and the prevalence of chronic complications was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A total of 645 T2DM patients (401 men and 244 women) with complete data for SOD and medical records of complications were included. In men, patients in the Q1 group (lowest serum SOD activity) had the highest prevalence of diabetes with atherosclerosis (AS) (p<.001), DN (p=.029), and DPN (p=.001). In comparison, only DN was found to have the highest prevalence in the Q1 group in women (p=.010). In the multivariate analysis, patients in the Q1 group had a 3.0-, 1.6-, 1.9-, and 2.4-fold risk for the prevalence of AS, DR, DN, and DPN, respectively, compared with the Q3 group. In women, a 7.0-fold risk for the prevalence of DN in the Q1 group was found compared with the Q3 group. After adjusting for the age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pulse pressure, alanine transaminase, clearance of creatinine, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting C-peptide in the models, the differences found in both men and women persisted. SOD activity is related to cardiovascular and microvascular diseases in men and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in women in T2DM.
Abstract Background Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) plays an important role in a number of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. To understand the role of IL-1β in disease processes and develop an in vivo screening system for anti-inflammatory drugs, a transgenic mouse line was generated which incorporated the transgene firefly luciferase gene driven by a 4.5-kb fragment of the human IL-1β gene promoter. Luciferase gene expression was monitored in live mice under anesthesia using bioluminescence imaging in a number of inflammatory disease models. Results In a LPS-induced sepsis model, dramatic increase in luciferase activity was observed in the mice. This transgene induction was time dependent and correlated with an increase of endogenous IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β protein levels in the mice. In a zymosan-induced arthritis model and an oxazolone-induced skin hypersensitivity reaction model, luciferase expression was locally induced in the zymosan injected knee joint and in the ear with oxazolone application, respectively. Dexamethasone suppressed the expression of luciferase gene both in the acute sepsis model and in the acute arthritis model. Conclusion Our data suggest that the transgenic mice model could be used to study transcriptional regulation of the IL-1β gene expression in the inflammatory process and evaluation the effect of anti-inflammatory drug in vivo .
To investigate the expression of human β-defensin(HBD) in human dental pulp tissue and to explore the regulation of HBD in pulp inflammation and the relationship among HBD family members.The gene expression of HBD in human dental pulp tissue was assessed in NCBI GEO profiles and was verified by RT-PCR. Human dental pulp cells were stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 in different combinations and the expression of HBD2 was analyzed by qPCR. Human dental pulp cells were pretreated with HBD110 and then stimulated with LPS and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1α and HBD2 were analyzed by qPCR. GraphPad Prism 5.01 was used to analyze the results of the experimental and the control groups.27 HBDs were found to express in human dental pulp tissue in NCBI GEO Profiles. The joint overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased the expression of HBD2; HBD110 increased the expression of HBD2 by increasing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1α.Many other HBDs have positive expression in human dental pulp issue besides of HBD1, HBD2, HBD3, HBD4 and the inflammation factors and other HBDs can regulate the expression of HBD2 in dental pulp.
It is unknown whether there is any relationship between extremity arterial macroangiopathy and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. We provide evidence to show the association between lower extremity arterial calcification and the presence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal T2DM women, but not in T2DM men of similar age. To investigate the relationship between lower extremity arterial calcification and the presence of osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM. They were assigned into two groups (patients with or without vascular calcification) in both sexes. Clinical characteristics, presence of osteoporosis, and bone metabolic markers were compared. Arterial calcification was determined by ultrasonography examination. Osteoporosis was defined based on the measurements from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between the lower extremity arterial calcification and the presence of osteoporosis was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 26.0. A total of 933 T2DM patients (535 men ≥ 50 years old, and 398 postmenopausal women) were identified and analyzed. A significant association between arterial calcification and osteoporosis was only observed in women, with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis observed in women with calcification (40.8%) than in women without calcification (26.9%) (P = 0.004). Compared to women without calcification, women with calcification had lower bone mineral densities in the hip (P < 0.001) and femoral neck (P < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that women with calcification had a nearly 2-fold increased risk for osteoporosis, even after adjusting for age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pulse pressure, clearance of creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting C-peptide. Similar differences were not identified between men with and without calcification. Calcification of lower extremity arteries is related with the presence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal T2DM women.
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