Kim AY, Kim TK, Kim YH, Han JK, Choi BI. Comparison of harmonic and conventional power Doppler ultrasound for assessment of slow flow in hyperechoic tissue: Experimental study using a Doppler phantom. Invest Radiol 2000;35:105–110. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. Despite the advantages of depicting slow flow in small vessels, conventional power Doppler ultrasound (US) has a basic limitation, specifically that artifactual power Doppler signals mimic blood flow, especially in hyperechoic tissue. The purpose of this study was to compare harmonic power Doppler US with power Doppler US using a Doppler phantom under various parameter settings, focusing on the assessment of slow flow in the hyperechoic tissue. METHODS. While controlling the flow velocity (5 and 10 cm/s), pulse repetition frequency (500, 700, and 1000 Hz), wall filter (low and medium), and Doppler gain (90%, 96%, and 100%), the authors performed both harmonic Doppler US and power Doppler US by using a Doppler phantom/flow control system. We measured and compared the relative intensities of the Doppler signals (0–250 scale) in both the vessels and hyperechoic tissue-mimicking materials with the two different imaging modalities. RESULTS. Power Doppler US with any combination of the four parameters evaluated depicted strong flow signals (mean, 213) that were superior to harmonic Doppler US (mean, 61). Relatively strong artifactual signals within the hyperechoic tissue-mimicking materials were noted on all power Doppler US studies (mean, 106) but nearly none on harmonic Doppler US (mean, 3). The contrast-to-noise ratio of harmonic Doppler US was significantly greater than that of power Doppler US. CONCLUSIONS. Harmonic Doppler US is more useful in assessing slow flow in hyperechoic tissue than power Doppler US because it produces fewer artifactual Doppler signals originating from stationary hyperechoic tissues, which can be misjudged as true signals on power Doppler US.
Background: The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relies on core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau. As the brain is then already damaged, researchers still strive to discover earlier biomarkers of disease onset and the progression of AD. Glycation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative modifications on proteins in CSF mirror the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to early AD pathology. However, analyzing free AGEs in the body fluids of AD patients has led to controversial results. Thus, this pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of detecting, identifying and quantifying differentially glycated, AGE or oxidatively modified peptides in CSF proteins of AD patients (n = 5) compared to a control group (n = 5). Methods: To this end, we utilized a data-dependent (DDA) nano liquid chromatography (LC) linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ) approach and database search that included over 30 glycative and oxidative modifications in four search nodes to analyze endogenous modifications on individual peptides. Furthermore, we quantified candidate peptide abundance using LC Quan. Results: We identified 299 sites of early and advanced glycation and 53 sites of oxidatively modified tryptophan. From those, we identified 17 promising candidates as putative biomarkers (receiver operating curve-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) > 0.8), albeit without statistical significance. Conclusions: The potential candidates with higher discrimination power showed correlations with established diagnostic markers, thus hinting toward the potential of those peptides as biomarkers.
본 연구는 한국 소비자생활협동조합(이하 생협)의 인적자원개발 현황을 기술하고 아이쿱생협의 조합원 이사개발 사례를 분석하여 실무와 이론상의 함의를 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 문헌조사와 사례연구를 수행했다. 한국의 생협은 지난 20여 년 간 급격하게 성장하였다. 협동조합을 제대로 경영하기 위해서는 인적자원개발이 핵심이라는 점을 많은 전문가와 경영자들이 지적하고 있다. 그러나 실제로 한국의 생협들이 인적자원개발을 어떻게 하고 있고, 무엇이 문제점이고, 이를 해결하기 위해서는 무엇을 어떻게 해야 할지에 대한 연구는 충분하지 않다. 본 논문은 두 부분으로 나누어진다. 첫째, 한국 생협의 인적자원개발 현황을 아이쿱생협, 한살림생협, 두레생협, 행복중심생협을 중심으로 기술한다. 둘째, 상황학습이론과 실천공동체이론을 토대로 아이쿱생협 사례를 연구하며, 이론적이며 실천적인 쟁점을 토론한다.
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic yield and accuracy of CT enterography (CTE) for early (< 12 postoperative months) surveillance of anastomotic recurrence after bowel resection for Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods:We analyzed 88 adults (60 males and 28 females; mean age, 31.4 ± 9.6 years) who underwent bowel surgery for CD that created ileocolic anastomosis without enteric stoma, and underwent CTE for surveillance of CD recurrence/aggravation within 12 post-operative months.The CD activity index (CDAI) at the time of CTE was < 150 (i.e., clinically silent) in 51 patients, and ≥ 150 in 37 patients.Diagnostic yields of CTE regarding CD recurrence in the ileocolic anastomosis and extraluminal penetrating complications were determined.CTE-related step-up therapy was recorded.These outcomes were compared between the two CDAI groups after accounting for major risk factors for CD recurrence.In a subgroup of 31 patients who underwent both CTE and ileocolonoscopy within 1 month, CTE accuracy for anastomotic recurrence was assessed using the Rutgeerts scoring as the reference standard.Results: CTE diagnostic yield was 35.2% (31/88) for the anastomotic recurrence and 9.1% (8/88) for penetrating complications.20.5% (18/88) of the patients underwent step-up therapy after CTE detection of anastomotic recurrence.These outcomes were not significantly different between CDAI < 150 and CDAI ≥ 150, except that CTE yield for extraluminal penetrating complications was significantly higher in CDAI ≥ 150 (16.2% [6/37] vs. 3.9% [2/51]; multivariable-adjusted p = 0.029).CTE showed 92.3% (12/13) sensitivity and 83.3% (15/18) specificity for anastomotic recurrence.Conclusion: CTE may be a viable option for the early postsurgical surveillance of recurred disease in CD patients.
In this paper, we propose a music management framework to manage the distribution of large volume music contents at home and abroad. In this paper, we define the music contents as an expression model that can be distributed internationally, and distribute the sound sources, analyze all the transaction information and related tasks of the distributed music, process them into various types of data. By defining standardized music expression model specific to music contents and managing music by using big data technology using proposed model, it is possible to automate all transaction information and related tasks online in the music market to provide statistical, analysis, and visualization information and proposed a music management framework to provide the sound source.
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