Background:The number of people with foreign background living in the Nordic countries has increased the last few years. This means that healthcare personnel meet more people with different languag ...
In this paper we will examine the way in which normative representations of body and sexuality can be challenged. This will be done by studying pictures from the campaign “Komikondom”, which has been a project by the Swedish organizations RFSL (The Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights) and RFSU (The Swedish Association for Sexuality Education). The pictures are chosen because when compared to the mainstream media, they portray a vareity of body types and sexuality.
To examine in which way the pictures from the campaign are deviant in comparison to the mainstream media we use a semiotic approach. The main theories being used to understand the normative and the deviant is Gayle Rubins theory of sexual values and art theories that includes “the male gaze” and “the female nude”. These will serve as a tool to understand representations of body and sexuality through picture. To show how deviant representations could be understood as a strategy of resistance we will also draw parallels to feminist art. The conclusions made are that many aspects of the deviant representations from the campaign can be understood as a way of resistance of normative representations of body and sexuality.
Abstract
Forhallningssattet till genus ar centralt i pedagogers arbete med barn, da det enligt laroplanen ar forskolans uppdrag att arbeta for jamlikhet samt att motverka traditionella konsmonster (Lararens handbok, 1998). Idag anvands barnbocker som en del av forskolans pedagogiska verksamhet, bade gallande underhallning och ur ett mer centralt och larorikt syfte. Syftet med detta examensarbete ar att studera genus i barnbockerna. Vi har undersokt hur konsroller framstalls i bockerna. Foljer de normen for vad samhallet foreskriver eller framstalls karaktarerna som normbrytare? Vi kommer aven att studera om det finns forandringar i karaktarernas gestaltning beroende pa vilket artal boken ar skriven.
Som metod har vi anvant oss av kvalitativ textanalys for att besvara vara fragestallningar. For att kunna forma var egen analysmodell kring vad som anses vara manligt och kvinnligt, tog vi hjalp av Nikolajevas (2000) och Hirdmans (2003) analysmodeller over typiskt manliga och kvinnliga drag. Vi valde ut egenskaper fran dessa bada scheman och fick fram ett eget analysschema som vi sedan i undersokningen utgick ifran. Egenskaperna vi valde att ta med i vart schema ar karaktarsdrag som ofta tillskrivs mannen respektive kvinnan.
Av de barnbocker vi analyserat har det visat sig att man framstalls mer genustereotypt exempelvis med klader i forhallande till kvinnor. Kvinnor daremot framstalls oftare konsstereotypiskt med hjalp av attribut, sasom rosetter och harklammor. Vi har sett karaktarer vars egenskaper och handlingar varit helt enligt konsnormen, dar man gor manliga sysslor och sa vidare. Men likasa gransoverskridaren som bryter normen har synts till i flera av bockerna. Aven gransvakten har observerats i tva av bockerna. Vi har ocksa kunnat urskilja forandringar i de analyserade barnbockerna beroende pa vilken tidsperiod de skrevs till exempel vad galler karaktarernas klader och handlingar.
Sammanfattning
Jag har valt att problematisera varfor vissa grupper och aktorer inte vill kalla sig for feminister och istallet sager att de ar for jamstalldhet. Jag pastar darmed att pa grund av det avstandstagandet har antifeminismen vuxit fram.
Ordet feminist kopplas ofta samman med en vansterpolitik, darfor har jag valt att belysa hogerns asikter angaende feminismen och jamstalldhetsbegreppet. Jag har alltsa utsett att undersoka en offentlig tyckare; Susanna Popova och det politiska faltet med Moderaterna och Kristdemokraterna. Orsaker till deras avstandstagande ar feminismens starka koppling till vansterpolitiken, att den ar for generaliserande och fokuserande pa endast kvinnan och hennes behov i samhallet samt att feminismen endast tycks se till det kollektiva agerandet.
Genom att ha belyst hogersidans asikter har jag visat pa att jamstalldhetsmalet inte behover se likadant ut, liksom vagen till att uppna jamstalldhet i samhallet.
Nyckelord
Antifeminism, Feminism, Jamstalldhet, Backlash, Popova, Moderaterna, Kristdemokraterna
Abstrakt
I have decided to problemize why people do not call them self feminists and instead say that they are ?for equality?. I am then declaring that it is because of this dissociating that the antifeminism has grown.
The word feminism is often accosiated to a ?left-politic?, wich is why I have decided to illustrate the opinions of ?right-politic? about feminism and equality. I have choosed one public thinker, Susanna Popova and two Swedish parties from the public sphere: ?Moderaterna? and ?Kristdemokraterna?. Reasones for their dissociating of feminism is its associating to a ?left politic?, that it is to generalized and focoust on the woman and her problems and needs in the society and that feminism only seems to look at the action of collectivity.
By illustrating the debate of the ?right side? about their opinions about feminism and equaltity, I have shown that the way and the goal of achiving equality in the society can look differently.
Keyword
Antifeminism, Feminism, Equality, Backlash, Popova, ?Moderaterna?, ?Kristdemokraterna?
During the summer of 2018 Sweden experienced a high occurrence of wildfires, most intense in the low-densely populated Jämtland Härjedalen region. The aim of this study was to investigate any short-term respiratory health effects due to deteriorated air quality generated by the smoke from wildfires. For each municipality in the region Jämtland Härjedalen, daily population-weighted concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were calculated through the application of the MATCH chemistry transport model. Modelled levels of PM2.5 were obtained for two summer periods (2017, 2018). Potential health effects of wildfire related levels of PM2.5 were examined by studying daily health care contacts concerning respiratory problems in each municipality in a quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusting for long-term trends, weekday patterns and weather conditions. In the municipality most exposed to wildfire smoke, having 9 days with daily maximum 1-h mean of PM2.5 > 20 μg/m3, smoke days resulted in a significant increase in daily asthma visits the same and two following days (relative risk (RR) = 2.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–5.47). Meta-estimates for all eight municipalities revealed statistically significant increase in asthma visits (RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09–2.57) and also when grouping all disorders of the lower airways (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.92).
Abstract. The impact of climate and emissions changes on the deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) over Europe was studied using four offline regional chemistry transport models (CTMs) driven by the same global projection of future climate over the period 2000–2050. Anthropogenic emissions for the years 2005 and 2050 were used for simulations of both present and future periods in order to isolate the impact of climate change, hemispheric boundary conditions and emissions, and to assess the robustness of the result across the different models. The results from these four CTMs clearly show that the main driver of future N-deposition changes is the specified emission change. Under the specified emission scenario for 2050, emissions of oxidised nitrogen were reduced substantially, whereas emissions of NH3 increase to some extent, and these changes are largely reflected in the modelled concentrations and depositions. The lack of sulphur and oxidised nitrogen in the future atmosphere results in a much larger fraction of NHx being present in the form of gaseous ammonia. Predictions for wet and total deposition were broadly consistent, although the three fine-scale models resolve European emission areas and changes better than the hemispheric-scale model. The biggest difference in the models is for predictions of individual N-compounds. One model (EMEP) was used to explore changes in critical loads, also in conjunction with speculative climate-induced increases in NH3 emissions. These calculations suggest that the area of ecosystems which exceed critical loads is reduced from 64% for year 2005 emissions levels to 50% for currently estimated 2050 levels. A possible climate-induced increase in NH3 emissions could worsen the situation, with areas exceeded increasing again to 57% (for a 30% NH3 emission increase).
Page S1.Maps of hotspots 2 S2.LPJ-Guess parameters tuned for the IBS plant functional type 3 S3.Description of the reindeer grazing, browsing and trampling implementation 4-5 S4.Climate-change signal in the climate scenario 6 S5.Description of conversion of PFT LAI to vegetation classes 7-8 S6.Validation results 9-11 S7.Confusion matrixes for simulated and satellite-based vegetation classes: a. Abisko 12 b.Vindeln 13 c.Helags 14 d.Fulu 15 e.Muddus 16 f.Björnlandet 17 S8.Simulated potential reindeer consumption in Swedish reindeer-herding communities 18-19
Bakgrund. Dokumentationen ar en stor del av sjukskoterskans arbetsuppgifter men det finns brister vilket satter patientsakerheten i fara och patienten kan utsattas for en vardskada Syftet med studien var att belysa i vilken utstrackning omvardnadsbehovet ar bedomt och dokumenterat eller inte avseende fallrisk, omvardnadsbehov samt autonoma brister av sjukskoterskan. Metoden var en kvantitativ, deskriptiv och retrospektiv journalgranskning. I urvalet ingick alla vuxna patienter som under en vecka besokt en akutmottagning i sodra Sverige dar dokumentationen utfordes pa RETTS-journal. Antalet var 1139 journaler som granskades. Resultatet Akutsjukskoterskan dokumenterar/bedomer omvardnadsbehovet undermaligt. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader (p=0,009) pa medelaldern dar omvardnadsdokumentationen bedomdes/dokumenterades eller ej. Det fanns ingen signifikant samband mellan patientflodet och om omvardnadsbehovet dokumenterades eller ej. Inte heller mellan man och kvinnor fanns det nagon signifikans mellan om omvardnadsbehovet bedomdes/dokumenterades eller ej. Diskussion. Akutsjukskoterskan behover bli battre pa att dokumentera/bedoma omvardnadsbehovet pa vuxna patienter overlag, men framforallt pa yngre vuxna patienter. Akutsjukskoterskans kunskaper om vikten av korrekt och saklig dokumentation behover forstarkas. Det ar viktigt aven ur ett patientsakerhetsperspektiv att alla dokumenterar pa samma satt och att detta ar val forankrat i organisationen, tydliga riktlinjer som uppmuntrar kritiskt tankande och reflektion. (Less)
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